Oral Allergies Flashcards
What is the basic mechanisms of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Allergen cuases B cell activation and production of IgE. IgE binds to Fc receptors on mast cells and basophils, which upon second exposure, will release its contents.
What are the allergic reactions in Type I HS?
Smooth muscle contraction, Increase vascular permeability, vasodilation, mucus secretion and inflammation.
What two types of mediators to mast cells release and what are the compounds released?
- Preformed (immediate)=Histamine.
2. New (late phase)=Leukotrienes, Prostoglandin, Cytokines.
How do drugs such as penecilin initiate allergic reactions?
Drugs bind to self proteins. This drug-protein conjugate creates a response and production of IgE.
What is the basic mechanisms of Type IV HS reactions?
Dentritic cells with Ag present them to CD4 T cells, and upon subsequent exposure, activates T cells to release cytokines and activate monocytes and macrophages.
What happens in a persistent delayed type hypersensitivity reaction?
Infection may cause granuloma formation as the body tries to “wall Off” the pathogen.
What diseases can cause granuloma formation>
Leprosy, TB, Measles and Herpes.
How do materials such as latex and nickel initiate an allergic reaction?
These small molecules are lipohilic and conjugate with self proteins. Langerhans cells take up and present to Thelper cells.
What are some common treatments for Type I and IV reactions?
Antihistamins
Adrenergic agents (Epi)
Corticosteroids
Allergen immunotherapy
Describe the RAS/RAU/ Canker sore pahtophysiology.
T cell mediated reaction with inflammatory cytokine TNF and ADCC
What are some clinical presentation/Histpopathology of Orofactial granulomatosis?
Persistent swelling of lips, granulomatous inflammation.
What is used to treat Orofacial granulomatous?
Steroids, Radiotherapy and antibiotics.
What is Wegener/s Granulomatosis?
Necrotizing granulomatous lesions of respiratory tract and systemic vasculitis of small arteries and veins.
What is an oral manifistation of Wegeners granulomatosis?
Gingival alteration sometimes called strawberry gingivitis.
