Translation Flashcards
Occurs when the sequence of mRNA and the codons determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein
Translation
Where DNA Transcription and Translation happens
Nucleus
Where the mRNA exits when it matures
Cytoplasm
Where protein synthesis and translation happnes
Ribosomes
Occurs when DNA acts as a template for mRNA synthesis
Making DNA out of mRNA
Transcription
Ribosomes compositions
40% rRNA
60% proteins
Sites in ribosomes where amino acids are attached
A and P sites
Ribosome binding sites
1 mRNA binding site
3 tRNA binding site
Where tRNA molecules leave the ribosome
E site
Holds the tRNA molecule carrying the growing polypeptide chain
P site
Holds the Aminoacyl-tRNA molcule carrying the next amino acid to be added to the growing peptide chain
A site
Single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid
Transfer RNA
Opposite ends of tRNA has 3 nucleotide bases called the
anticodon
Determines the amino acid that will be incorporated during protein synthesis
Anticodon
This enzyme attaches the amino acids in the tRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
4 possible nitrogenous bases of the mRNA
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
There are ____ possible codons in the genetic codes
64
___ out of the 64 codons are Terminator Codons
3
___ out of the 64 codons are Non-terminator codons
61
4 factors required for the Initiation step
Small ribosomal subunit
The mRNA
The tRNA
Initiation factors
The repetitive process of adding amino acids to a growing peptide chain
Elongation
3 steps in the Elongation process
- Codon Recognition
- Peptide Bond Formation
- Translocation
3 stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA
End product of protein synthesis
Primary Structure of a Protein
Stop Codon Ochre
UAA
Stop Codon Ambre
UAG
Stop Codon Opal
UGA
