Nucleic Acids Introduction Flashcards
Structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information
Chromosomes
Components of chromosome
Telomere
Centromere
Chromatid
Portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait
Gene
Sum of all genes
Genome
It is one of the major macromolecules of the body that is responsible for storing and expressing genetic information
Nucleic Acid
Stores genetic information; It stores RNA and protein coding information and it also transfers the information to the daughter cells
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Nitrogenous base unique to DNA
Thymine
Nitrogenous base unique to RNA
Uracil
Carries protein encoding information & helps in how the information stored in the DNA is used
Ribonucleic Acid
Is a single building block of the nucleic acids
Nucleotide
3 parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate group
Sugar
A nitrogen-containing cycle compound (base)
Base that has two fused nitrogen containing ring
Purine
Has one nitrogen-containing ring
Pyrimidine
Sugar + Base = ?
Nucleoside
the bond connecting the sugar and the base
B-N-glycosidic acid
Nucleoside + Phosphate = ?
Nucleotide
Each nucleotide is a ____________ of a nucleoside
5’-monophosphate ester
Deoxyribonucleoside with Adenine base
Deoxyadenosine
Deoxyribonucleoside with Guanine base
Deoxyguanosine
Deoxyribonucleoside with Cytosine base
Deoxycytidine
Deoxyribonucleoside with Thymine base
Doexythymidine
not a question
For naming Deoxyribonucleotides:
Deoxyribonucleoside + 5’-monophosphate
Ribonucleoside with Adenine base
Adenosine
Ribonucleoside with Guanine base
Guanosine
Ribonucleoside with Cytosine base
Cytidine
Ribonucleoside with Uracil base
Uridine
not a question
For naming Ribonucleotides:
Ribonucleoside + 5’monophosphate
Who obtained X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
For each A on one chain, a T is aligned opposite to it on the other chain G-C
Chargaff Rule
Holds the nitrogenous bases of one strand to the nitrogenous bases of the other strand
Hydrogen bonds
DNA in the nuclei is not stretched out, but rather coiled around basic protein molecules called?
Histones
The acidic DNA and the basis histones attract each other by electrostatic forces, combining to form units called?
Nucleosomes
Type of RNA:
Carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm
mRNA
Type of RNA:
Structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis
rRNA
Subunit of rRNA that catalyzes the peptide bond formation
Large
Subunit of rRNA that binds mRNA and tRNA
Small
Type of RNA:
Transports the specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
tRNA
tRNA contains how many nucleotides per chain?
73 to 93
Catalyzes the splicing of mRNA
Ribozyme
Acts as the manager in the process of making proteins
DNA
What are the 2 steps in transmission of information (DNA)?
Transcription & Translation
Transcription occurs where
Nucleus
Information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule
Transcription
Information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein
Translation
These are coding sequences in DNA and RNA
Exons
These are noncoding sequences in DNA and RNA, and should be removed in the mRNA
Introns
