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Cytogenetics 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims > Nucleic Acids Introduction > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

Components of chromosome

A

Telomere
Centromere
Chromatid

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3
Q

Portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait

A

Gene

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4
Q

Sum of all genes

A

Genome

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5
Q

It is one of the major macromolecules of the body that is responsible for storing and expressing genetic information

A

Nucleic Acid

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6
Q

Stores genetic information; It stores RNA and protein coding information and it also transfers the information to the daughter cells

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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7
Q

Nitrogenous base unique to DNA

A

Thymine

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8
Q

Nitrogenous base unique to RNA

A

Uracil

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9
Q

Carries protein encoding information & helps in how the information stored in the DNA is used

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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10
Q

Is a single building block of the nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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11
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide

A

Phosphate group
Sugar
A nitrogen-containing cycle compound (base)

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12
Q

Base that has two fused nitrogen containing ring

A

Purine

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13
Q

Has one nitrogen-containing ring

A

Pyrimidine

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14
Q

Sugar + Base = ?

A

Nucleoside

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15
Q

the bond connecting the sugar and the base

A

B-N-glycosidic acid

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16
Q

Nucleoside + Phosphate = ?

A

Nucleotide

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17
Q

Each nucleotide is a ____________ of a nucleoside

A

5’-monophosphate ester

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18
Q

Deoxyribonucleoside with Adenine base

A

Deoxyadenosine

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19
Q

Deoxyribonucleoside with Guanine base

A

Deoxyguanosine

20
Q

Deoxyribonucleoside with Cytosine base

A

Deoxycytidine

21
Q

Deoxyribonucleoside with Thymine base

A

Doexythymidine

22
Q

not a question

For naming Deoxyribonucleotides:

A

Deoxyribonucleoside + 5’-monophosphate

23
Q

Ribonucleoside with Adenine base

A

Adenosine

24
Q

Ribonucleoside with Guanine base

A

Guanosine

25
Q

Ribonucleoside with Cytosine base

A

Cytidine

26
Q

Ribonucleoside with Uracil base

A

Uridine

27
Q

not a question

For naming Ribonucleotides:

A

Ribonucleoside + 5’monophosphate

28
Q

Who obtained X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins

29
Q

For each A on one chain, a T is aligned opposite to it on the other chain G-C

A

Chargaff Rule

30
Q

Holds the nitrogenous bases of one strand to the nitrogenous bases of the other strand

A

Hydrogen bonds

31
Q

DNA in the nuclei is not stretched out, but rather coiled around basic protein molecules called?

A

Histones

32
Q

The acidic DNA and the basis histones attract each other by electrostatic forces, combining to form units called?

A

Nucleosomes

33
Q

Type of RNA:

Carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm

A

mRNA

34
Q

Type of RNA:

Structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis

A

rRNA

35
Q

Subunit of rRNA that catalyzes the peptide bond formation

A

Large

36
Q

Subunit of rRNA that binds mRNA and tRNA

A

Small

37
Q

Type of RNA:

Transports the specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

A

tRNA

38
Q

tRNA contains how many nucleotides per chain?

A

73 to 93

39
Q

Catalyzes the splicing of mRNA

A

Ribozyme

40
Q

Acts as the manager in the process of making proteins

A

DNA

41
Q

What are the 2 steps in transmission of information (DNA)?

A

Transcription & Translation

42
Q

Transcription occurs where

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

A

Transcription

44
Q

Information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to assemble a specific protein

A

Translation

45
Q

These are coding sequences in DNA and RNA

A

Exons

46
Q

These are noncoding sequences in DNA and RNA, and should be removed in the mRNA

A

Introns

Cytogenetics 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims (10 decks)

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