Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis Flashcards
Nuclear Division aka
Karyokinesis
Cytoplasmic Divison aka
Cytokinesis
Cell division of mitotic cells
Mitosis
Cell division in developing sperm cell in the ovary and the testis
Meiosis
2 phases of the cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Particular phase of the cell cycle wherein the cell would be able to discern if it’s needed to proceed with cell division or remain into its specialization
G0 phase
3 phases of Interphase
G1
S
G2
Mitotic division results in
2 daughter cells
4 stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Mitosis stage:
Chromosomes continue to condense becoming shorter and thicker
Prophase
Prophase:
Would allow movement towards the end for adding subunits
Kinesis
Prophase:
Causes a movement toward the less active end for removing subunit
Dynein
Mitosis stage:
Alignment of chromosomes in the same plane in the middle of the cell to form the equatorial plate
Metaphase
Metaphase:
holds the two sister chromatids together
Kinetochore
Metaphase:
hold the centromeres in place in their respective polar regions in the cell maintaining the linear arrangement of the chromosomes
Aster Microtubules
Metaphase:
help hold the chromosomes in place and the other organelle
Polar Microtubules
Mitosis Stage:
There is separation of the single kinetochore of each pair of chromatids into 2
Anaphase
Mitosis Stage:
Chromosomes are clustered at the spindle poles and segments of nuclear envelope are formed around them
Telophase
Cells based on their proliferative activity:
Cells that no longer divide or rarely divide
Static Cell population
Cells based on their proliferative activity:
Little mitotic activity but are able to divide during repair
Stable Cell population
Cells based on their proliferative activity:
Regular mitotic activity
Continuously Dividing cells
What are the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle
G1/S
G2/M
M
checkpoints of the cell cycle:
Proper cell size and DNA damage checking
G1/S checkpoint
checkpoints of the cell cycle:
DNA replication completion and damage checking
G2/M checkpoint
checkpoints of the cell cycle:
Proper spindle fiber assembly and attachment
M checkpoint
The form of cell division by which gametes (sperm or egg), with half the number of chromosomes, are produced
Meiosis
How many chromosomes do gametes have
23 (haploid)
Confers the capability of the cell whether it would decide to go and perform cell division or just be quiescent
Interphase
4 phases of Meiosis I
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
5 stages of Prophase
Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis
Meiosis:
There is complete breakdown of the nuclear membrane
Metaphase I
Meiosis:
Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles
Anaphase I
Meiosis:
Cytokinesis occurs and 2 haploid daughter cells are formed
Telophase I
Phases of Meiosis II
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Meiosis II:
the centrosomes will assume its positions in the opposite poles of the cell and start nuclear membrane breakdown
Prophase
Meiosis II:
formation of the mitotic spindles
Prometaphase
Meiosis II:
chromosomes will assume their
position in the metaphase plate
Metaphase
Meiosis II:
The diads (chromatid strand) are pulled
individually into monads (one chromatid strand)
Anaphase
Meiosis II:
the regeneration of the nuclear
membrane will occur, encircling the chromatid strands, and the appearance of a cleavage, and end up with four daughter haploid cells that contains genetic variation
Telophase
