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Bryx_Electronics > Transducers, Instrumentation And Welding > Flashcards

Transducers, Instrumentation And Welding Flashcards

To just memorize shit

1
Q

A device that converts one energy or physical property to another form of energy

A

Transducer

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2
Q

Transducers that do not require external power, and produces analog voltage or current when stimulated by some physical form of energy

A

Self Generation Type

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3
Q

Transducers that require an external power

A

Passive Transducers

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4
Q

A transducer consisting of a bond between two different metals wherein when the bond is heated, a direct current voltage appears across it

A

Thermocouple

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5
Q

A potential difference between the two ends of a conductor that depends on the temperature difference of the ends and the material property

A

Seebeck Voltage

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6
Q

Magnitude of Thermal Voltage (Formula)

A

V = c1(T2-T1) + c2(T2^2 - T1^2) wherein c1 and 2 - consts of thermocouple materials

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7
Q

Temperature sensors that make use of the predictable change in electrical resistance of some materials with changing temperature.

A

Resistance temperature detector (RTD)

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8
Q

RTD Linear approximations

A

Rt = R(1 + a(T2-T1))

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9
Q

A device similar to RTD except having negative temperature coefficient, less expensive but less sensitive

A

Thermistor (Semiconductor Resistance Sensor)

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10
Q

A variable resistance device that can be used to measure angular position

A

Potentiometer

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11
Q

Sensors that use the electrical property of Capacitance to make measurements

A

Capacitive Transducers

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12
Q

Sensor that use the electrical property of inductance to make measurements

A

Inductive Transducers (ie Ammeter)

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13
Q

A transducer that consists of a primary winding and two secondary windings, wound over a hollow tube. When the tube is moved in one direction from the center, the voltage induced in one winding is increased and the others decreased.

A

Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) #LoveWins

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14
Q

A passive device that converts mechanical stress into resistance

A

Strain Gauge

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15
Q

Transducers that rely on the photo electric effects.

A

Optical Transducers

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16
Q

Semiconductor light detectors that generate current or voltage when the PN junction is illuminated by light

A

Photodiodes

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17
Q

Feature of Photodiode

A

Excellent Linearity, Low Noise, Wide spectral respones, mechanically rugged, lightweight, long life

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18
Q

Ratio of output photocurrent to incident optical power

A

Responsivity (A/W)

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19
Q

The output current of a photodiode in the absence of light

A

Dark Current (also called as Manacop Current or Michael Current)

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20
Q

Minimum input optical power to generate photocurrent, equal to the rms noise current in a 1 Hz Bandwidth

A

Noise equivalent power

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21
Q

Vacuum tube devices that are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared ranges. It multiplies current produced by incident light as much as 100 million times

A

Photomultipliers

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22
Q

A material which exhibits Scintillation, the property of Luminescence when excited by ionization event

A

Scintillator

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23
Q

Simple resistors made of a high resistance semiconductor that alters resistance depending on the amount of light placed over them

A

Photoresistor

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24
Q

A class of phtodetectors which can generate voltage that is proportional to the incident electromagnetic radiation intensity. It simply converts electromagnetic energy to electrical energy.

A

Photovoltaic Detectors

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25
Q

Voltage generated in Photovoltaic Cell

A

Vout = (Calibration Voltage)x(Intensity)

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26
Q

The use of the measuring devices to determine the values of varying quantities.

A

Instrumentation

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27
Q

A device used to present value of a quantity under observation

A

Instrument

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28
Q

Three General Types of Instrument

A

Indicating, Recording, Controlling

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29
Q

The process of comparing an unknown quantity with an accepted standard quantity

A

Measurement

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30
Q

The deviation of a reading or set of readings from the expected value of the measured variable

A

Error

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31
Q

Generally the fault of the person using the instruments

A

Gross Errors (Ewwww di marunong)

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32
Q

Errors caused by problems with the instrument, environmental effects, or observation errors (parallax and estimatuon)

A

Systematic Error

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33
Q

The accumulation of a large number of small effects which are neither classified as gross nor systematic

A

Random Errors

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34
Q

The difference between expected and measured value

A

Absolute Error

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35
Q

Ratio Absolute Error and Expected Value

A

Percentage Error

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36
Q

The degree of exactness compared to the expected value

A

Accuracy

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37
Q

A quantitative or numerical indication of the closeness with which a repeated set of measurements agrees with the average of the set of measurements

A

Precision

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38
Q

An instrument that operates upon the interaction of the magnetic fields between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet. The amount of movement is determined by the size of the current.

A

Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC)

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39
Q

It is attached to the pointer tail to provide mechanical balance and eliminate gravitational effect

A

Counterweight

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40
Q

Used to control the force exerted on the coil when current passes through it

A

Spiral Spring

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41
Q

It is pivoted so as to move freely when current is introduced to the system

A

Moving Coil

42
Q

used to fix the position of the permanent magnet

A

Pole Shoes

43
Q

Used to adjust the pointer to its initial position when no current is flowing

A

Zero adjustable control

44
Q

it provides visual indication of the amount of current flow

A

Pointer

45
Q

Provided by the moving coil pivoted so as to move freely when current flows to the system

A

Deflecting Torque/Force

46
Q

Provided by the spiral spring so that the pointer will deflect back to its initial position when no current flows

A

Controlling Torque/Force

47
Q

Provided by the coil pointer to eliminate pointer oscillation

A

Damping Torque/Force

48
Q

An instrument used to measure the intensity of electric current flow

A

DC Ammeter

49
Q

Properties of Ideal Ammeter

A

Zero internal resistance, needle deflection directly proportional to current

50
Q

Properties of Real Ammeter

A

Small internal resistance, needle deflection not exactly directly proportional to current

51
Q

It arises from the fact that the meter face may not be accurately marked

A

Calibration Error

52
Q

The real ammeter resistance will add the resistance to the branch that will reduce current in any actual circuit

A

Insertion Error

53
Q

An instrument used to measure voltage across two points in a circuit

A

DC Voltmeter

54
Q

The real voltmeter resistance will reduce the resistance across the branch that will reduce voltage drop

A

Loading Error

55
Q

An instrument used to measure the resistance across two points in a circuit

A

Ohmmeter

56
Q

It consists of a rectifier and DC voltmeter to measure AC voltage

A

AC voltmeter

57
Q

Generally refers to a circuit in which a load is connected between two levels of potential

A

DC Bridge circuit

58
Q

Used to determine unknown resistance, It is balanced when reading across galvanometer is zero.

A

Wheatstone Bridge

59
Q

A bridge that is balanced by moving the key alone the wire until the galvanometer reads zero.

A

Slide wire bridge

60
Q

Modified version of Wheatstone Bridge elimination the effects of contact and lead resistance when measurinf low resistances from 1u ohm to 1 ohm

A

Kelvin Bridge

61
Q

Application of Wheatstone Bridge to find the distance of a ground fault in transmission line cables

A

Varley Loop

62
Q

Simplified version of Varley Loop used for very low resistance

A

Murray Loop and Slide Wire Murray Loop

63
Q

Measures an unknown in terms of known calacitance in parallel with a resistor

A

Maxwell Bridge

64
Q

Measures an unknown in terms of known calacitance in series with a resistor

A

Hay Bridge

65
Q

Used extensively for Measurement of capacitance and the quality factor of capacitor in terms of dissipation factor

A

Schering Bridge

66
Q

The ratio of Reactance to resistance

A

Dissipation Factor of Capacitor

67
Q

Measures the fresquency of the voltage source using series RC in one arm and parallel RC in the adjoining arm

A

Wein Bridge

68
Q

It is the process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using coalescense.

A

Welding

69
Q

It is a combination of heat, pressure and time. It is the resistance of the material to be welded to current flow that causes a localized heating in the part.

A

Resistance Welding

70
Q

The time between pressure application and weld

A

Squeeze time

71
Q

Weld time in cycles

A

Heat or Weld time

72
Q

Time that pressure is maintained after the weld is made

A

Hold time

73
Q

Electroedes separated to permit moving of material for next spot

A

Off time

74
Q

It is a semi automatic or automatic arc welding process in which a continuous and consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun.

A

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) , Metal Inert Gas ( MIG) , Metal Active Gas (MAG)

75
Q

It is a process that produces an electric arc remained between a tungsten electron and the part to be welded.

A

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), Tungsten inert gas (TIG)

76
Q

Advantages of GTAW

A

Concentrated arc, No slag, no sparks and splatter, little smoke, welds more metals and alloys than any other process, good for welding thin material.

77
Q

Disadvantages of GTAW

A

Slower travle speed, lower filler metal deposition rates, brighter UV, equipment cost

78
Q

It is an arc welding process that welds metals produced by heat from an electric arc that is maintained between the tip of a consumable covered electrode and the surface of the base metal in the joint to be welded

A

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)

79
Q

Advantages of SMAW

A

Appropriate for commonly used metals, simple tools needed, well protected

80
Q

Disadvantages of SMAW

A

Lower consumable efficiency, difficult to weld thin materials, frequent restarts, lower operating power

81
Q

Operates in which two parts to be assembled are rubbed together at lower frequency (100-300 Hz)

A

Friction Welding

82
Q

A type of Resistance welding that combines dissimilar metals together. It creates a high temperature arc that is formed from a short quick electrical discharge

A

Percussion Welding (PEW) pew pew pew

83
Q

A solid phase welding technique involving a stud, small pipe fitting being rotated at high speed while being forced against a substrate, generating heat by friction.

A

Friction Stud Welding

84
Q

Welding technique that requires one part to be transmissive to a laser beam and either the other part absorptive or a coating at the interface to be absorptive to the beam.

A

Laser Welding

85
Q

A welding technique which produces coalescence of metals by applying heat with an arc between a nonconsumable carbob (graphite) electrode and the workpiece

A

Carbon Arc Welding (CAW)

86
Q

Is a derivation of GMAW. uses a metal tube filled with powdered flux materiala

A

Flux colored arc welding (FCAW)

87
Q

It is an arc welding process which is the same as GTAW. The main difference is that this process positions the electrode with the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope.

A

Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)

88
Q

A form of spot welding where a specially formed nut or bolt is welded against another mrtsl part.

A

Stud Arc Welding

89
Q

Is a welding process that is highly useful for thick (25mm to 300mm) materials

A

Electroslag Welding

90
Q

Welding which uses an arc between two metal tungsten electrodes in a shielding atmostphere of hydrogen.

A

Atomic Hydrogen Welding (AHW)

91
Q

Process that requires a constantly fed consumable solid or tubular electrode. the molten weld and the arc zone are protected from atmospheric contagion by being submerged under a blanket of granular flux.

A

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

92
Q

A solid state welding process that requires high temperature to join two pieces of metal then hammering them together

A

Forge Welding

93
Q

A process that uses fuel gases and oxygen to weld. two metals are heated to a temperature that produces a shared pool of molten metal.

A

Oxy Fuel Welding

94
Q

A special type of welding in which two pieces of materials are forged together at higher temperature and no extra weld materials is added to the weld

A

Upset Welding

95
Q

Commonly used for plastica, and especially joining dissimilar metals. High frequency ultrasonic acoustic vibrations are locally applied to workpieces being held together under pressure.

A

Ultrasonic Welding

96
Q

A continuous vertical position arc welding process in which an arc is struck between the workpiece and consumable electrode

A

Electrogas Welding

97
Q

It is a solid state welding process in which joining takes place without fusion at the interface of the parts to be welded. uses insulation displacement connectors)

A

Cold welding

98
Q

A solid state welding technique wherein two metals are pressed together at temperatures 50-70% of the melting point

A

Diffusion Welding (DFW)

99
Q

It is when different metals fuse together

A

Coalescence

100
Q

The GTAW process can produce heat upto what temperature

A

19,500 Celsius

Bryx_Electronics (11 decks)

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