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Bryx_Electronics > Converters (DC-DC, AC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC) > Flashcards

Converters (DC-DC, AC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC) Flashcards

1
Q

The chopper provides _____ to _____ Conversion

A

DC to DC

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2
Q

Another Name for Chopper

A

Buck(Step Down) or Boost(Step up) Converter

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3
Q

What does the input waveform of a Chopper Circuit Look like?

A

DC (Straight Line, above 0V potential)

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4
Q

What does the output waveform of a Chopper Circuit Look like?

A

Pulsating Square Wave DC with Duty Cycle (No waveform voltage crosses the 0V x-axis, over to the negative polarity)

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5
Q

A Step Down Chopper uses a _____ introduce the chopping/Duty Cycle Effect

A

Switch (BJTs, FETs, SCRs, etc)

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6
Q

Formula for Average Voltage of Step-Down Chopper Output

A

Vo(ave) = δ * (Vs - Vchop)

Vs - Supply Voltage
Vchop - Voltage drop across switch
δ - Duty Cycle (ex, for 90% duty cycle, δ = 0.9)

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7
Q

Formula for RMS Voltage of Step-Down Chopper Output

A

Vo(ave) = ( √δ ) * (Vs - Vchop)

Vs - Supply Voltage
Vchop - Voltage drop across switch
δ - Duty Cycle (ex, for 90% duty cycle, δ = 0.9)

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8
Q

Formula for Average Power of Step-Down Chopper Output

A

Pave = [ δ * (Vs - Vchop) ] ² / RLoad

Vs - Supply Voltage
Vchop - Voltage drop across switch
δ - Duty Cycle (ex, for 90% duty cycle, δ = 0.9)
RLoad - Load Resistance

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9
Q

When A Step Down Converter is used in a DC Motor, the load is (Capacitive, Inductive, Resistive)

A

Inductive

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10
Q

With a Purely resistive load on a step down converter, the output waveform of Voltage compared to current looks ___________

A

the same

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11
Q

With an Inductive load on a step down converter, the output waveform of current compared to voltage looks ___________

A

Different

VLoad waveform looks the same as one that has only a resistive load

But Current Waveform is different, since an inductance resists a changing current, the current looks like a charging and discharging cycle

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12
Q

Formula for RMS Current of Step-Down Chopper Output (With Inductive Load)

A

Io(rms) = √( Imax*Imin + [ (Imax - Imin) / 3 ]² )

Imax and Imin - maximum and minimum current values at load

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13
Q

Formula for Average Current of Step-Down Chopper Output (With Inductive Load)

A

Io(ave) = δ(Vs / R)

Vs - Supply Voltage
δ - Duty Cycle (ex, for 90% duty cycle, δ = 0.9)
R - Load Resistance

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14
Q

With a Step-down converter, the switch is in _____ to the load, whereas with a step-up converter, the switch is in ______ to the load

A

Step Down: Switch in Series with Load

Step Up: Switch in Parallel with Load

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15
Q

The output of the Step Up Chopper is _________

A

Pure DC (Therefore, no RMS formula)

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16
Q

Formula for Average Current of Step-Up Chopper Output

A

Vo(ave) = Vs / (1 - δ)

Vs - Supply Voltage
δ - Duty Cycle (ex, for 90% duty cycle, δ = 0.9)

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17
Q

A Step Up Chopper Consists of these Components:

A

Supply, Switch, Inductor in series to Supply, Capacitor in parallel to load, and a diode before the (capacitor || load) Branch

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18
Q

The Phase Controlled Rectifier provides _____ to _____ Conversion

A

AC to DC Conversion

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19
Q

During a time interval of time ‘0’ to ________ , the output of a Phase Controlled Rectifier is zero

A

α (Triggering angle)

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20
Q

During a time interval of time ‘α(triggering angle)’ to 2π , the output of a Phase Controlled Rectifier _________

A

Follows the shape of the input waveform

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21
Q

Usually, the Voltage at time ‘α(triggering angle)’ of the voltage waveform has a value of _________

A

The Forward Breakdown Voltage of an SCR (Vbr)

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22
Q

A Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier consists of:

A

two SCRs and two diodes

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23
Q

in a Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier, ____ of the two Thyristors is/are ‘Turned on’ at any given time

A

one

24
Q

Formula for Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier Average Output Voltage

A

Vo(ave) = (Vm / π) * ( 1 - cos α )

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value

25
Q

Formula for Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier RMS Output Voltage

A

Vo(rms) = √{ (Vm² / 2π) * ( π - α + 0.5*sin α ) }

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value

26
Q

Alternate Formula for Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier Average Output Voltage, using Mean Value Theorem

A

Vo(ave) = (Vm / π) * ∫ sin θ dθ, limits from α to π

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value
sin θ - Waveform function, expressed in angle θ (if waveform is different, this can be changed

27
Q

Alternate Formula for Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier RMS Output Voltage, using Mean Value Theorem

A

Vo(rms) = √{ (Vm² / π) * ∫ sin² θ dθ, limits from α to π }

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value
sin θ - Waveform function, expressed in angle θ (if waveform is different, this can be changed

28
Q

Formula for Power Factor of Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier

A

PF = Cos θ
= Pload / Psupply
= Pload / [ VsIs ]
= Pload / [ Io(rms)Vs ]

29
Q

When A Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier is used in a DC Motor, the load is (Capacitive, Inductive, Resistive)

A

Inductive

30
Q

With a Purely resistive load on a Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier, the output waveform of Voltage compared to current looks ___________

A

the same

31
Q

With an Inductive load on a Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier, the output waveform of current compared to voltage looks ___________

A

Different

VLoad waveform looks the same as one that has only a resistive load

But Current Waveform is different, since an inductance resists a changing current, the current looks like a charging and discharging cycle

32
Q

Formula for RMS Current of Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier Output (With Inductive Load)

A

Io(rms) = Io(ave)*√ [ ( π - α ) / π ]

α - Firing angle

33
Q

Formula for Load Power of Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier Output (With Inductive Load)

A

Pload = Io(rms)² * R

Note: do not use Vo(rms)² / R

34
Q

A Full Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier consists of:

A

Four Thyristors

35
Q

in a Full Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier, ____ of the four Thyristors is/are ‘Turned on’ at any given time

A

two

36
Q

When a Full Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier has a purely resistive load, What are the voltage/power equations used for this setup?

A

Same as Half Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier with a Purely Resistive Load

37
Q

When a Full Bridge Phase Controlled Rectifier has an inductive load, What are the voltage equations used for this setup?

A

Vo(ave) = (2*Vm / π) * cos α

Vo(rms) = Vm / √2

38
Q

The Cycloconverter provides _____ to _____ Conversion

A

AC to AC

39
Q

Cycloconverter construction

A

Source voltage in series with ( diode and/or SCR in reverse parallel ) in series with load

40
Q

A Halfwave Cycloconverter is constructed with:

A

a Diode and a thyristor in reverse parallel

41
Q

the average voltage value of a Halfwave cycloconverter is always _____ with respect to the input voltage

A

negative

42
Q

Formula for Halfwave Cycloconverter Average Output Voltage

A

Vo(ave) = (Vm / 2π) * ( cos α - 1 )

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value

43
Q

Formula for Halfwave Cycloconverter RMS Output Voltage

A

Vo(rms) = √{ (Vm² / 4π) * ( 2π - α + 0.5*sin 2α ) }

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value

44
Q

Alternate Formula for Halfwave Cycloconverter Average Output Voltage, using Mean Value Theorem

A

Vo(ave) = (Vm / 2π) * ∫ sin θ dθ, limits from α to 2π

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value
sin θ - Waveform function, expressed in angle θ (if waveform is different, this can be changed

45
Q

Alternate Formula for Halfwave Cycloconverter RMS Output Voltage, using Mean Value Theorem

A

Vo(rms) = √{ (Vm² / 2π) * ∫ sin² θ dθ, limits from α to 2π }

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value
sin θ - Waveform function, expressed in angle θ (if waveform is different, this can be changed

46
Q

Formula for Power Factor of Halfwave Cycloconverter

A

PF = Pload / [ Io(rms)*Vs ]

47
Q

A Fullwave Cycloconverter is constructed with:

A

two thyristors in reverse parallel

48
Q

Formula for RMS Voltage of Fullwave Cycloconverter

A

Vo(rms) = √{ (Vm² / 2π) * ( π - α + 0.5*sin 2α ) }

α - Firing angle
Vm - Peak Input Voltage Value

49
Q

The Cycle of the input waveform of a cycloconverter is ____ as the output waveform

A

different

50
Q

The Inverter provides _____ to _____ Conversion

A

AC to AC

51
Q

Half Bridge Inverter Constructor

A

Imagine Bridge Circuit:

1st Branch Upper: BJT1
1st Branch Lower: BJT2
2nd Branch Upper: Voltage supply(Vs / 2)
2nd Branch Lower: Voltage supply(Vs / 2)

Bridge: Load resistance

52
Q

Formula for RMS Voltage of Half Bridge Inverter

A

Vo(rms) = Vs / 2

53
Q

Full Bridge Inverter Constructor

A

Imagine Bridge Circuit:

1st Branch Upper: BJT1
1st Branch Lower: BJT2
2nd Branch Upper: BJT3
2nd Branch Lower: BJT4

Bridge: Load resistance

Voltage supply(Vs) in parallel to whole bridge circuit

54
Q

Formula for RMS Voltage of Full Bridge Inverter

A

Vo(rms) = Vs

55
Q

An inverter(Half or Full) has an average Voltage of _____

A

0 Volts

56
Q

The output waveform of an inverter looks like a ________

A

Square wave, with half cycles of inverting polarity

Bryx_Electronics (11 decks)

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