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Bryx_Electronics > Special Topics > Flashcards

Special Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Is a specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body.

A

Radiology

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2
Q

Type of Radiology which has a main objective of producing and interpreting shadow images of internal organs of the body using x-radiation

A

Diagnostic Radiologist

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3
Q

An instrument that uses a penetrating electromagnetic radiation similar to light but having shorter waveleghts

A

X-ray Machine

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4
Q

Type of Radiology which is concerns with the treatment of ailments by the destruction of tissue with high energy radiation

A

Therapeutic Radiology

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5
Q

A special imaging radiology includes nuclear technique, computed axial tomography (CAT) and ultrasound

A

Radiologic imaging system

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6
Q

An instrument for obtaining cross sectional images in three dimensions of internal body structures.

A

Computerized Axial Tomograph

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7
Q

A sensitive and swift method of analyzing chemicals using very tiny samples of that chemicals

A

Chromatography

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8
Q

An instrument for recording the waveform of voltages developed in the brain using electrodes applied to the scalp

A

Echoencephalograph

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9
Q

A record produced by an electroencephalograph

A

Electroencephalogram

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10
Q

An instrument that provides an audible presentation of brain waves

A

Electroencephalophone

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11
Q

An instrument used for displaying on a cathode-ray screen the waveforms of voltages generated by various sections of the brain

A

Electroencephaloscope

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12
Q

An instrument for recording electric activity of the brain using electrodes placed directly on the external gray layer of the brain

A

Electrocorticograph

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13
Q

The branch of electrostatography in which electrostatic images are formed on an insulating medium without the aid of electromagnetic radiation

A

Electrography

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14
Q

An instrument that provides a continuous recording of the movements of an internal organ such as the heart

A

Electrokymograph

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15
Q

An instrument for recording eye movements that have been induced by electric stimulation

A

Electronystagmograph

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16
Q

A medical instrument used for cauterizing by using eletrically generated heat to coagulate or destroy tissues

A

Electrocautery

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17
Q

A diagnostic technique that uses ultrasound to produce an image of the internal structures of the heart

A

Echocardiography

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18
Q

A graphic record made by electrocardiograph

A

Electrocardiogram

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19
Q

An instrument for recording the waveforms of voltages developed in the chest and lower parts of the human body in synchronism with action of the heart

A

Electrocardiograph

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20
Q

The record produced by an electromyograph

A

Electromyogram

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21
Q

An instrument for detecting an electric charge by means of the mechanical forces exerted between electrically charged bodies

A

Electroscope

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22
Q

An instrument for measuring small amounts of uranium in liquids

A

Fluorimeter

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23
Q

Photography of an image produced on a fluorescent screen

A

Fluorography

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24
Q

An instrument that measures the intensity of x-rays and other radiation by measuring the intensity of the fluorescence produced

A

Fluoremeter

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25
Q

The use of a fluoroscope for x-ray examination

A

Fluoroscopy

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26
Q

A direct-reading instrument that has a graduated float whose position in a liquid is determined by the density

A

Hydrometer

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27
Q

An instrument that measures the humidity of the atmosphere

A

Hygrometer

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28
Q

Used to identify substances by their wavelengths and also the amount of infrared radiation radiation that they emit

A

Infrared analyzer

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29
Q

Radiography of a particular layer of a body or object

A

Laminography

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30
Q

A laser combined with an ophthalmoscope for directing burst of coherent light through a human eye to burn selected points on a detached retina

A

Laser photocoagulator

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31
Q

The application nuclear magnetic resonance in medicine which is used to visualize soft tissues of the body

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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32
Q

Used to measure nuclear magnetic moment which is the characteristic of the magnetic behavior of specific nuclei

A

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

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33
Q

Used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

A

pH sensor

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34
Q

An instrument that indicates or records one or more functional variables of a body that may change when a person undergoes the emotional stress associated with a lie

A

Polygraph

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35
Q

The science of using lie detectors

A

Polygraphy

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36
Q

An instrument used that measures the refractive index of a liquid or solid usually by measuring the critical angle at which total reflection occurs

A

Refractometer

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37
Q

An instrument that analyzes by wavelength the light radiation emitted by incandescent substances

A

Spectroscope

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38
Q

A spectrometer that provides a permanent record of a spectrum that provides a permanent record of a spectrum of radiation

A

Spectrograph

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39
Q

The branch of physical science that deals with the measurement and analysis of visible, infrared and ultraviolet spectra

A

Spectroscopy

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40
Q

An instrument that disperses radiation into its component wavelengths and measures the magnitude of each component

A

Spectrometer

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41
Q

An instrument that measures transmission or apparent reflectance of visible light as a function of wavelength

A

Spectrophotometer

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42
Q

A far-infared image-forming device that provides a thermal photograph by scanning a far-infrared image of an object or scene

A

Thermograph

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43
Q

Photography that uses radiation in the long-wavelength far-infrared region

A

Thermography

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44
Q

An instrument that measures the turbidity of a liquid

A

Turbidimeter

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45
Q

This system is for the visualization of boundaries and different tissue densities particularly in the abdomen

A

Ultrasound

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46
Q

It is a computer-controlled machine that is programmed to move, manipulate objects, and accomplish work while interacting with its environment

A

Robot

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47
Q

It refers to the discipline of conceptualizing, designing, building and applying robots

A

Robotics

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48
Q

The term robotics was coined by

A

Isaac Asimov

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49
Q

Robot Generations

A

First - Primitive(No AI)
Second - Programmed using a button box
Third - First truly computer-programmable robots
Fourth - Considered the next generation robots (Can Multiply and evolve)

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50
Q

Three Laws of Robotics

A

First Law - robot may not injure humanity
Second Law - robot must obey orders given it by human beings
Third Law - robot must protect its own existence

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51
Q

It is a programmable multi-function manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or any specified device through variable programmed motion for the performance of a variety of task

A

Industrial Robot

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52
Q

It is an automatic control device that reacts in response to a feedback signal

A

Servocontrol mechanism

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53
Q

It is less expensive and simpler in design an operation but considerably more limited in scope than servorobots

A

Nonservorobots

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54
Q

One of limited number of ways a robot can move

A

Degree of freedom

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55
Q

It is like the human hand used to grasp objects like a workpiece or some other parts

A

End effector

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56
Q

Refers to the robot as a whole, including base, power supply, and arm

A

Manipulator

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57
Q

The brain and nervous system for the robot

A

Controller

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58
Q

The method used for determining the work envelope or spatial volume in which the robot operates

A

Coordinate systems

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59
Q

Defined by three distances in which the work space resembles a rectangle

A

Cartesian or rectangular coordinates

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60
Q

Defined by two distances and an angle in which the work space resembles a cylinder

A

Cylindrical Coordinates

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61
Q

Defined by two angles and a distance in which the work space resembles a sphere

A

Spherical Coordinates

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62
Q

Combines the features of other systems

A

Jointed arm configuration

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63
Q

Robotic motion which only the angles and extensions needed to reach the starting and ending points are required

A

Point-to-point path motion

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64
Q

Robotic motion which defined by interim positions and angles

A

Continuous path motion

65
Q

Robotic motion which every point in a line is determined by a mathematical function

A

Controlled path motion

66
Q

Types of robot actuators

A

Electric motor actuator
Hydraulic fluid actuator
Pneumatic fluid actuator

67
Q

This program produces only two-position motion about any individual robot axis

A

Positive-stop Program

68
Q

This program has the capacity to move a robot axis to any position within its range

A

Point-to-point program

69
Q

It is similar to point-to-point program but with the destination position very close together

A

Continuous-path programs

70
Q

It is a 4-axis robot with rotating elements that move in a single plane and therefore limits the work envelope but also inexpensive compared to sophisticated robots

A

SCARA robot

71
Q

A motor or transducer that converts energy (electric, hydraulic or pneumatic) into power used to produce motion or power

A

Actuator

72
Q

The ability of a robot to position its end effector at a programmed location in space

A

Accuracy

73
Q

Control signals that are processed by directly measuring quantities

A

Analog control

74
Q

A robot or machine that resembles a human

A

Android

75
Q

A robot with rotary joints that can move much like a person’s arm

A

Anthropomorphic robot

76
Q

An interconnected set of links and powered joints comprising a manipulator that supports or moves a wrist, hand or end effector

A

Arm

77
Q

The ability of a machine system to perceived anticipated or unanticipated new conditions

A

Artificial intelligence

78
Q

Also known as assembly cell or assembly station

A

Assembly

79
Q

Is the used of any one of several techniques to determine the presence or absence of features

A

Automated inspection

80
Q

Automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or electronics devices that replace human observation, effort and decision

A

Automation

81
Q

A traveled path in space, usually referred to as a linear direction of travel in any of threee dimensions

A

Axis

82
Q

A robot in which motions are controlled by driving each axis or degree of freedom against a mechanical limit stop

A

Bang-bang robot

83
Q

The platform or structure to which a robot arm is attached

A

Base

84
Q

The production of parts or materials in discrete runs, or batches, interspersed with other production operations or runs of other parts or materials

A

Batch manufacturing

85
Q

An acronym for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

A

CAD/CAM

86
Q

A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more workstations or machines and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them

A

Cell

87
Q

A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more cells, and the materials transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them

A

Center

88
Q

An assembly between two closely related rigid members enabling on member to rotate in relation to the other around a mobile axis

A

Complex joint

89
Q

The use of an interactive-terminal workstation usually with graphics capability to automate the design of products

A

Computer-aided-design (CAD)

90
Q

Working from a product design likely to exist in a CAD data base

A

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

91
Q

The philosophy dictating that all functions within a manufacturing operation be data base-driven and that information from within any single data be shared by other functional groups

A

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

92
Q

A numerical control system with a dedicated mini or micro computer that performs the functions of data processing and control

A

Computerized numerical control (CNC)

93
Q

The unit of automatic work for a robot

A

Cycle (program)

94
Q

The number of independent ways the end effector can move

A

Degrees of Freedom

95
Q

A multistep process beginning with a description of the range of tasks to be performed

A

Design process (of robots)

96
Q

The joint that connects the upper arm and forearm on a robot

A

Elbow

97
Q

Also know as end-of-arm tooling

A

End effector

98
Q

A computer program usually based on artificial intelligence techniques

A

Expert system

99
Q

Robots with little computer power

A

First-generation robot system

100
Q

Also known as a nonservo robot or open robot

A

Fixed-stop robot

101
Q

Multipurpose robots that are adaptable and capable of being redirected, trained or used for new purpose

A

Flexibility, operational

102
Q

An arrangement of machine tools that is capable of standing alone, interconnected by a workpiece transport system and controlled by a central computer

A

Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

103
Q

Also known as pedestal robot

A

Floor-mounted robot

104
Q

That portion of a jointed arm which is connected to the wrist and elbow

A

Forearm

105
Q

An overhead-mounted, rectilinear robot with a minimum of three degrees of freedom and normally not exceeding six

A

Gantry robot

106
Q

The grasping hand of a robot which manipulates objects and tools to fulfill a given task

A

Gripper

107
Q

A technique for grouping parts to gain design and operational advantages

A

Group Technology

108
Q

A fingered gripper sometimes disguised from a regular gripper by having more than three fingers and more dexterous finger motions resembling the human hand

A

Hand

109
Q

Also known as fixed automation, or hard tooling

A

Hard Automation

110
Q

Robot manipulation and sensory feedback to check the compliance of a part or assembly with specifications

A

Inspection (robotic)

111
Q

An approach used to introduce factory automation technology into manufacturing by selective application of automation

A

Islands of automation

112
Q

A discrete parts-manufacturing facility characterized by a mix of products of relatively low-volume production in batch lots

A

Job shop

113
Q

The degree to which a process has been made automatic

A

Level of automation

114
Q

an electrical switched positioned to be switched when a motion limit occurs

A

Limit switch

115
Q

The use of the robot’s manipulative and transport capabilities in ways generally more sophisticated than simple materials-handling

A

Machine loading

116
Q

A numerically controlled metal-cutting machine tool that uses tools

A

Machining center

117
Q

A mechanism usually consisting of a series of segments or links, jointed or sliding relative to one another

A

Manipulator

118
Q

The use of the robot’s basic capability to transport objects

A

Materials-handling

119
Q

The basic element of a central processing unit that is constructed as a single integrated circuit

A

Microprocessor

120
Q

The means of attaching end of arm tooling to an industrial robot

A

Mounting plate

121
Q

A method for the control of machine tool systems

A

Numerical control

122
Q

Developing robot programs partially or completely without requiring the use of the robot itself

A

Off-line programming

123
Q

Software that controls the execution of computer programs

A

Operating system

124
Q

The four robot generations were proposed by ______

A

Eiji Nakano

125
Q

The first instance that the term “Robot” was used was in a play called ________ written by __________ in ________

A

Rossum’s Universal Robots, Karel Capek, 1921

126
Q

The Short Story written by Isaac Asimov, where the 3 laws of robotics were written

A

Runaround

127
Q

In 1948, William Grey Wiener invents two robots, ______ and _____, robots that mimic lifeforms

A

Elmer and Elsie

128
Q

The two proponents of the first robot company (1956)

A

George Devol & Joseph Engelberger

129
Q

The First Industrial Robot

A

UNIMATE

130
Q

First Company to purchase UNIMATE(the first industrial robot arm)

A

General Motors

131
Q

The Six Degrees of Freedom

A
  1. ) Forward/Reverse
  2. ) Left/Right
  3. ) Up/Down
  4. ) Tilt Up/Tilt Down
  5. ) Tilt Sideways
  6. ) Swivel Left/Right
132
Q

A term used to describe the three linear motion degrees of freedom

A

Prismatic

133
Q

A term used to describe the three rotational/angular motion degrees of freedom

A

Revolute

134
Q

the number of joints needed in a robot depend on how many __________ a robot design needs

A

degrees of freedom

number of joints = number of degrees of freedom

135
Q

Tilt up/tilt down (imagine a bird soaring high or doing a nosedive) DOF is also called __________

A

Pitch

136
Q

Sideway tilting (imagine an airplane doing a barrel roll) DOF is also called _________

A

Roll

137
Q

The Swivel/Steer to the left/right movement (imagine a boat steering left or right) DOF is also called

A

Yaw

138
Q

A Cartesian Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

3 Prismatic

0 Revolute

139
Q

A Cylindrical Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

2 Prismatic

1 Revolute

140
Q

An Articulated Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

0 Prismatic

3 Revolute

141
Q

A Gantry Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

3 Prismatic

0 Revolute

142
Q

A Spherical Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

1 Prismatic

2 Revolute

143
Q

A SCARA Robot has ______ Prismatic Joints and _____ Revolute Joints

A

1 Prismatic

2 Revolute

144
Q

Another term for Articulated Robot

A

Anthropomorphic

145
Q

An Articulated Robot mimics the movement of _____

A

Humans

146
Q

Advantages of an Electric Actuator

A
  • Low Cost
  • No Oil leaks
  • Accurate servo positioning
147
Q

Disadvantages of an Electric Actuator

A
  • Limited Force

- Low Holding Strength when stopped

148
Q

Advantages of an Hydraulic Actuator

A
  • Great Force
  • Great Holding Strength
  • Accurate Positioning
149
Q

Disadvantages of an Hydraulic Actuator

A
  • High Cost
  • Oil Leaks
  • Heavy
150
Q

Advantages of an Pneumatic Actuator

A
  • Moderate Cost
  • Clean
  • Quick Response
151
Q

Disadvantages of an Pneumatic Actuator

A
  • Cannot Accuraly Position itself
  • Weak Force
  • Not So Much Holding Strength
152
Q

Accuracy range of an uncalibrated robot

A

+- 100mm

153
Q

Accuracy range of a calibrated robot

A

+- 0.01mm

154
Q

How is the robot property, Maximum Speed, Measured?

A

The Speed where all joints and arms move in a complementary motion for its end effector to achieve maximum speed

155
Q

A robot property that describes the ability to return repeatedly to a given position or perform the same set of movements; it is expressed as error

A

Repeatability

156
Q

A robot property that describes the Smallest increment motion

A

Resolution

157
Q

A robot property that describes the Maximum Horizontal Distance from the robot center to the tip of the end effector

A

Reach

158
Q

A robot property that describes the Maximum weight that can be carried by the robot, without sacrificing presicion

A

Payload

159
Q

The Volume of work area reachable by the robot

A

Working Envelope

Bryx_Electronics (11 decks)

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