Transcription and translation

Question 1

Transformation

Answer 1

The change in DNA make up after the cell takes up DNA from it’s environment.

Question 2

Where are covalent bonds in DNA

Answer 2

Between sugars and phosphates

Question 3

Where are hydrogen bonds found in DNA

Answer 3

Between bases, (A&T or C&G)

Question 4

Watson and Crick

Answer 4

Discovered the double helix shape of DNA

Question 5

Nucleotide

Answer 5

Molecule that includes sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base. RNA (ribose) DNA ( deoxyribose)

Question 6

Nitrogenous base

Answer 6

What makes each nucleotide different.

Question 7

DNA bases

Answer 7

Adenine, Thymine,Cytosine and Guanine

Question 8

RNA bases

Answer 8

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

Question 9

A Gene (molecule biologists)

Answer 9

A section of DNA that codes for a protien

Question 10

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 10

During the S (synthesis) stage of Interphase.

Question 11

How does DNA replicate

Answer 11

It goes from one double helix strand to two strands

Question 12

3 steps of DNA replication

Answer 12

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 13

Step 1 Initiation

Answer 13

Helicase, single strand binding protein, primase, primer, and DNA polymerase

Question 14

Helicase

Answer 14

Unwinds the double helix

Question 15

Single strand binding protein

Answer 15

Holds the two strands of DNA apart so they don’t wind back together.

Question 16

Primase

Answer 16

Attaches to DNA to be copied and makes complementary strand of RNA

Question 17

Primer

Answer 17

Short section of RNA made to start the replication process

Question 18

Polymerase

Answer 18

can only lengthen existing strand of primer to form new DNA.

Question 19

Step 2 Elongation

Answer 19

DNA polymerase, leading strand and lagging strand.

Question 20

DNA polymerase

Answer 20

Lengthens the DNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 21

Leading strand

Answer 21

Seamlessly follows helicase down the DNA in the 5’ - 3’ direction

Question 22

Lagging strand

Answer 22

DNA is replicated in short strans in the opposite direction of the leading strand. Also in the 5’-3’ direction

Question 23

Okazaki fragments

Answer 23

Shorts stans of DNA on the lagging section between the RNA primers

Question 24

Step 3. Termination

Answer 24

DNA polymerase replaces short RNA primers with DNA

Ligase connects Okazaki segments

Question 25

Proof reading

Answer 25

DNA polymerase proof reads each DNA as it copies. There are about 1:1 billion mistakes made

Question 26

Telomere

Answer 26

Postpone the erosion of genes at the end of a DNA strands due to shortening.

Question 27

Telomerase

Answer 27

Is the enzyme that catalyzes replacement of telomere in germ cells

Question 28

Semi-conservative process

Answer 28

One parent strand of DNA is conserved and one strands is a new daughter strand.

Question 29

DNA

Answer 29

Carriesa hereditary info 2 strands Deoxyribose A,T,C,G

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

Builds proteins 1 strand Ribose A,U, C,G

Question 31

3 steps to make a protein

Answer 31

Transcription RNA Processing Translation

Question 32

Transcription

Answer 32

Making a copy of the gene of DNA

Question 33

RNA processing

Answer 33

Taking pre-mRNA and building a molecule that can build a protein, mRNA

Question 34

Translation

Answer 34

Takes place in the ribosome, taking info from mRNA to make a protein

Question 35

3 kinds of RNA

Answer 35

mRNA tRNA rRNA

Question 36

mRNA

Answer 36

Messenger, made during transcription and RNA processing. Carries the code out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the protein is built.

Question 37

tRNA

Answer 37

Transfer: helps build protein shaped like a 4 leaf clover anti-codon that attacked to mRNA

Question 38

rRNA

Answer 38

Ribosomal: 2 parts, small and large sub units. The two parts come together to house the mRNA and tRNA so they can make the protein

Question 39

3 binding sites on tRNA

Answer 39

P:carries polypeptite A: holds amino acid chain E: exit site

Question 40

Introns

Answer 40

Non-codong regions of the RNA which need to be cut out before a protien is built.

Question 41

RNA splicing

Answer 41

Cutting out endtrons

Question 42

Exton

Answer 42

The coding region of DNA