Genetics Flashcards
Aleele
A form of a gene, green eyes vs brown eyes.
Gamete
A sex cell that has a haploid number of chromosomes
Diploid
The full number of chromosomes found in every cell except sex cells
Haploid
Half of the diploid number of chromosomes, found in sex ells
Zygote
The product of fusion of sex cells
Autosomes
a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Homologous
A pair of chromosomes that carry the gene for the same trait.
Homozygous
Having the same alleles for one trait
Heterozyous
Having two different alleles for the same trait
Phenotype
The trait that shows
Genetype
What the genes say for a certain trait
Character
Explains eye color, hair type, ect not blue brown straight curly.
Trait
The condition of a character, ei hair color is the charater the trait would be red blond brown ect.
X- linked traits
Look like an X or a Y. The traits that occur in the lower arm of the X are X-linked
Gene
A unit of genetic information coded by a specific DNA sequence
Mendel’s 1st law
Segregation: two alleles for the same gene segregate into to different cells during meiosis.
Mendel’s 2nd law
Independent assortment: alleles sort interdependently of each other.
True Breeding
Hymozygous, either recessive or dominant
Particulate
The idea that parents pass on genetic traits to their offspring
Hybridization
Mating two true breeding varieties of opposite features
Monohybrid cross
A cross between two hetrozygotes for one charter
Dihybrid cross
A cross between two true breeding hetrozygotes for two characters
Complete dominance
phenotype of hetrozygote and homezygote are identical.
Incomplete dominance
Two alleles blend together
Codominance
Two dominant alleles both show, ei blood type
