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Bio 160 > Ch 6 Tour of the cell > Flashcards

Ch 6 Tour of the cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic features of all cells

A

Plasma membrane
Semi fluid cytosol
Chromosomes (genes)
Ribosomes (make protiens)

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2
Q

Animal cell specific organelles

A

Lysosomes

Centrioles

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3
Q

Plant cell specific organelles

A

Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole
Plasmodesmata
Cell wall

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Houses DNA &
Proteins from genetic material called chromatin
Largest organelle in the cell

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5
Q

Nucleus structure

A 
Nuclear envolope (double lipid membrane)
Pores (holes that regulate passage)
Nucleolus (makes ribosomes)
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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

Use info from DNA to make proteins

Both inside the cytosol or bound to the ER

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7
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Everythin outside the nuclear membrane

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8
Q

Endomembrane componants

A 
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrame
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9
Q

Vesicles

A

Small membrane enclosed pouches that transport molecules around a cell or from one cell to another

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10
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Accounts for > half the cells membrane
Attached to the nuclear envelope
Rough and smooth ER

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A 
Lacks ribosomes
Makes lipids
stores calcium
Metabolizes carbohydrates
Detox of poisons/drugs
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12
Q

Rough ER

A

Has bound ribosomes which make glycoproteins
Makes phospholipids
Makes proteins that ernter the ER and will leave the cell

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13
Q

Transport vesicles

A

Membrane enclosed transport unit that takes proteins fron rough ER to other cells

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae
modifies proteins and phospholipids from ER
Makes macromolecules
Sorts and packages materials into transport units to go out

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15
Q

Lysosome

A

membrane sac of digestive enzymes that breaks down proteins, polysaccarides, fats and nucleic acids through hydrolysis.

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16
Q

Types of Vacuoles

A

Food vacuoles
contractile vacuoles
central vacuoles

17
Q

Food vacuoles

A

Formed by phagocytosis: the cell membrane captures food outdie the cell and pulls it in, the cell membrane forms around the food and forms a vacuole.

18
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

Found in fresh water protists, pump excess water out of the cell.

19
Q

Central vacuoles

A

Found in mature plant cell and hold organic compounds in water.

20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration by converting glucose to ATP (only molecule on earth used for energy)

21
Q

Mitochondria Structure

A

Smooth outer membrane with a folded inner membrane (cristea) to increase surface and and ATP production

22
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles found in plants and algae

convert sunlight to glucose through photosythesis

23
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Typically 2 membranes around a fluid stroma which contains membraneous thylakoids stacked into grana

24
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of fibes extending though the cytoplasm and connecting the organelles and plasma membrane. Organizes structure activities and anchoring of organelles.

25
Q

Centrosomes

A

Microtubial organizing center with centrioles which grow out by the nucleus

26
Q

Extracellular structures

A

Cell walls of plants
Extracellular matrix in animal cells
Intracellular junctions

27
Q

Cell walls

A

Protects, maintains shape and prevents excessive water uptake.
Make of cellulose fibers embedded in proteins.
Prokaryotes, fungi and some portists have cell walls too

28
Q

Intracellular junctions

A

Plasmademata
Desmosomes
Tight junction
Gap junctions

29
Q

Plasmademata

A

Channels that perforate cell walls and allow water and small solutes to pass freely

30
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring joints, fasten cells together into strong sheets

31
Q

Tight junctions

A

Membranes of neighboring cells that press together preventing leakage of extra cellular fluids.

32
Q

Gap junctions

A

Communicating junctions, provide cytoplasmic channels between other cells.

Bio 160 (14 decks)

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