Transcription Flashcards
Initiation sequence for transcription; within which there are conserved sequences and consensus sequences
Promoter
TATA box and CAAT box
Conserved/consensus sequences
Enzyme (Sigma+ Core) used to synthesize RNA. Recognizes and attaches to the promoter
RNA Polymerase
Necessary for promoter recognition and attachment
Sigma Factor
Catalyzes phosphodiester bonds
Core Polymerase
The initial attachment of Core, Sigma creates a “pre-transcription” complex. The DNA has not fully separated yet
Closed Complex
Once the DNA template unwinds and starts to separate. Sigma detaches, Core stays on the DNA and begins to catalyze phosphodiester bonds
Open Complex
Downstream from the gene, a ___ can attach. When Core Polymerase bumps into the ____, it stops the progression of the core, stops phosphodiester bond creation, and causes core to dislodge from the gene
Rho protein
An inverted repeat sequence, built into the DNA , downstream from the gene. The repeat can create short double stranded ____. Core polymerase cannot read the double stranded segment, therefore it stops and falls off
Hairpin Loops
Brand new piece of RNA
Primary Transcript
Linear template for polypeptide synthesis
Messenger RNA
Cloverleaf “t” shape, adapter between messenger and amino acids
Transfer RNA
Combination of two small globes. Small cluster of proteins in the center, ___ winds itself around that cluster to form the globes
Ribosomal RNA
Sequence on mRNA that has base complementarity with the terminus of rRNA
Shine Dalgarno sequence
Post-transcriptional modifications are ___ in prokaryotes
Coupled
Stabilizes/anchors RNA at nuclear membrane pore
Cap 5’ methylated guanosine
Protects RNA from nucleares digestion in cytoplasm
Tail 3’ long chain of adenine nucleotides is added (Poly A tail)
Intervening sequences that are removed
Introns
Kept sequences that are used as a template for translation
Exons
an RNA that has its own catalytic properties
Ribozyme
Includes spliceosome and ribozyme
Small nuclear ribonuclear proteins (SNRnps)
Always included in the final mRNA
Constitutive Exons
In some alternative spliced mRNA they are treated as exons; in other splicing patterns they are treated as introns (and removed)
Facultative Exons
