Prokaryotic DNA Replication Flashcards
DNA is the genetic material. It’s significance to cells is manifested in two ways. First, DNA undergoes replication to produce additional DNA, enabling generation continuity. Second, DNA undergoes transcription to synthesize RNA and the RNA will be translated to produced polypeptides. These events determine what a cell/organism will be able to do in its current existence
Central Dogma of Genetics
Member of the topoisomerase enzyme family. Relaxes supercoils by creating small temporary nicks/cuts in one of the strands
Gyrase
Completes the untwisting process and denatures the DNA (separates the two strands from each other)
Helicase
Attach to the separated single stands, stabilizing them and holding them “open”
Single Strand Binding Proteins (SSBPs)
A form of RNA polymerase that attaches to helicase, creating a “primosome” complex
DNA Primase
Primosome initiates the replication process by catalyzing the production (phosphodiester bonds) of a 10-11 base RNA fragment. The fragment is called a ___
Primer
Removes primers after replication of true DNA polymers is complete
DNA polymerase I
Believed to be a part of the proofreading and repair process due to exonuclease activity
DNA Polymerase II
Responsible for catalyzing phosphodiester bonds between DNA nucleotides that are destined to become a part of the growing strand (Synthesis)
DNA Polymerase III
Seals the Okazaki fragments created on the lagging strand
Ligase
The template is read from ___
3 to 5
New DNA is created from ___
5 to 3
In prokaryotic replication, there is a designated location called ___. Replication proceeds in 2 directions around the circle
OriC (origin of copying)
Prokaryotic DNA replication occurring in 2 directions from an OriC until a new bubble of DNA is formed
Theta Replication
