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Genetics > Review Test Questions > Flashcards

Review Test Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which statement is most accurate?
A) Genetics is the study of how characteristics are inherited
B) Genetics is the scientific study of how genes are used in living organisms.
C) Genetics is the scientific study of how genomes are used to produce physical characteristics in living organisms.
D) Genetics is the study of genes
E) Genetics is the scientific study of how physical characteristics are inherited and expressed in living organisms.

A

Genetics is the scientific study of how physical characteristics are inherited and expressed in living organisms.

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2
Q

Which substance is used to determine the inheritance & expression of physical characteristics in in living organisms?

A

DNA

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3
Q

T/F: The molecular structure of DNA was described by Watson and Crick prior to the discovery that DNAwas the universal genetic material.

A

False

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4
Q

Which statement is correct?
A) Nucleosides are the monomer is nucleotides.
B) Nucleic acids are the monomer in nucleoside triphosphates.
C) Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleoside triphosphates.
D) Nucleic acids are the monomer in nucleotides.
E) Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleic acids.

A

Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleic acids.

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5
Q

Which component(s) of RNA nucleotides and DNA nucleotides are identical?
A) 5 carbon sugar
B) Pyrimidines
C) Phosphate
D) Purines
E) Two choices are correct

A

Two choices are correct

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6
Q

Which aspect of a DNA helix was best explained by Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography?

A

the inward orientation of nitrogenous bases

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7
Q

A sample of double stranded DNA was found to contain 14% Adenine nucleotides.
Based on this information, what percentage of the nucleotides will be Cytosine?

A

36%

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8
Q

T/F: Two strands in dsDNA molecule were produced during the same replication event

A

False

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9
Q

Which of the following does not catalyze phosphodiester bonds?
A) Primase
B) Ligase
C) Helicase
D) Telomerase

A

Helicase

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10
Q

Consder the following double stranded DNA template:
5-A A A A A C C C C C C C C-3
3-T T T T T G G G G G G G G-5

Which of the nucleotides shown will be the first to form a hydrogen bond with a newly added nucleotide?

A

Thymine

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11
Q

Which prokaryotic replication enzyme(s) serve an editing/proofreading function?

A

DNA Polymerase I

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12
Q

Which organisms have bidirectional replication from OriC?

A

All organisms

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13
Q

T/F: Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA in the same cell use the same replication enzymes

A

False

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14
Q

Which organisms commonly use multiple replication forks?

A

Eukaryotes

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15
Q

Which statement is true?
A) Telomerase is used to remove telomeres.
B) Telomerase is used to produce/add to the length of telomeres
C) Telomerase is used near OriC.
D) Two statements are correct.
E) All statements are correct.

A

B) Telomerase is used to produce/add to the length of telomeres

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16
Q

Which stage(s) of the eukaryotic cell cycle (G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis) experience the most transcription?

A

G1 and G2

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17
Q

In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Is transcription unidirectional or bidirectional?

A

unidirectional in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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19
Q

Which of the following is observed in a pre-transcription complex?
A) The DNA template is open and sigma polymerase is not attached to the template.
B) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is not attached to the template.
C) The DNA template is open and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.
D) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.

A

D) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.

20
Q

Which portion of an RNA polymerase holoenzyme catalyzes phosphodiester bonds?

A

Core

21
Q

Which portion of RNA polymerase holoenzyme recognizes consensus sequences within promoters?

A

Sigma

22
Q

Which type(s) of bonds are necessary to create a transfer-RNA?

A

hydrogen and phosphodiester

23
Q

What is the direction of synthesis during transcription?

A

5 -> 3

24
Q

Is base complementarity used to assemble ribosomes (to attach ribosomal-RNA to a protein core)?

A

No

25
Q

If the poly-Adenine tail is not added to a piece of mRNA, what is mst likely to happen to the mRNA?

A

It will be degraded/become shorter in length.

26
Q

In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.

Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]

Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]

Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]

Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]

Which kind of organism is this?

A

Eukaryote

27
Q

In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.

Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]

Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]

Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]

Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]

Which process is most likely to have created the different isoforms?

A

alternative splicing

28
Q

In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.

Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]

Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]

Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]

Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]

Which domains are made by constitutive exons?

A

Alpha

29
Q

In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.

Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]

Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]

Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]

Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]

Which kind of exons are used to produce domains Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Kappa?

A

Facultative

30
Q

Which proteins are used to perform splicing of mRNA?

A

snRNPs

31
Q

Which word describes the direct relationship between the linear sequence of nucleotides within a gene and the primary structure (order of amino acids) in a petide?

A

colinearity

32
Q

How does the redundancy/repetition within the genetic code affect point mutations?

A

It reduces the frequency of mutations.

33
Q

Which enzyme attaches a transfer-RNA to the correct amino acid?

A

Synthetase

34
Q

What recognizes and attaches to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

A

small (30s) ribosome

35
Q

During translation, when does translocation occur?

A

during elongation (after a peptide bond forms)

36
Q

Where is the start AUG codon located?

A

at the 5` end of the messenger-RNA

37
Q

Describe the following: A mutation in which adenine is replaced by guanine, and the amino acid changes in the peptide

A

transition missesnse

38
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the mutation associated with Sickle Cell Disease?

A

missesnse

39
Q

How is a suppressor mutation different from a reversion mutation?

A

Reversion mutations are always within the same gene as the original mutation.

40
Q

Which type of mutation exists because of the redundancy/repetition in the genetic code?

A

silent

41
Q

In many plant species, ___ can occur in an ____-numver polyploid organism to create a viable and fertile organisms with a doubled chromosome number

A

Somatic doubling, even

42
Q

Nondisjunction increases with age in

A

Female mammals, because of extended time in synapsis

43
Q

The gametes produced during meiosis include the following four cells:
(N+1) (N+1) (N-1) (N-1)
Which event led to these gametes

A

Nondisjunction in Anaphase I

44
Q

Which individual will possess a Barr body?
A. A female with Down syndrome
B. A male with Klinefelter Syndrome
C. A female with Turner Syndrome
D. A male with Down syndrome
E. More than one of these choices is correct

A

E. More than one of these choices is correct

45
Q

The chromosomes shown below are included in the four gametes produced during meiosis (* indicates a centromere)
Gamete 1: ABCDEFGHIJ
Gamete 2: ABCDEDIJ
Gamete 3: ABCHGFEDIJ
Gamete 4: ABCHHGFEFGHIJ
What has occurred?

A

A pericentric inversion has occurred

46
Q

The chromosomes shown below are included in the four gametes produced during meiosis (* indicates a centromere)
Gamete 1: ABCDEFGHIJ
Gamete 2: ABCDEDIJ
Gamete 3: ABCHGFEDIJ
Gamete 4: ABCHHGFEFGHIJ
Which of the gametes will become aneuploid

A

Gamete 2

47
Q

A female mouse with white fur is crossed with a male mouse with black fur. Their offspring include 20 black mice and 20 white mice. Assuming standard Mendelian gene functions, which of the following are possible genotypes for the parental mice?
1. Female Bb X Male Bb
2. Female Bb X Male Bb
3. Female bb X Male Bb
4. Female BB X Male bb

A

Choices 2 and 3 equally likely

Genetics (12 decks)

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