Review Test Questions Flashcards
Which statement is most accurate?
A) Genetics is the study of how characteristics are inherited
B) Genetics is the scientific study of how genes are used in living organisms.
C) Genetics is the scientific study of how genomes are used to produce physical characteristics in living organisms.
D) Genetics is the study of genes
E) Genetics is the scientific study of how physical characteristics are inherited and expressed in living organisms.
Genetics is the scientific study of how physical characteristics are inherited and expressed in living organisms.
Which substance is used to determine the inheritance & expression of physical characteristics in in living organisms?
DNA
T/F: The molecular structure of DNA was described by Watson and Crick prior to the discovery that DNAwas the universal genetic material.
False
Which statement is correct?
A) Nucleosides are the monomer is nucleotides.
B) Nucleic acids are the monomer in nucleoside triphosphates.
C) Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleoside triphosphates.
D) Nucleic acids are the monomer in nucleotides.
E) Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleic acids.
Nucleotides are the monomer in nucleic acids.
Which component(s) of RNA nucleotides and DNA nucleotides are identical?
A) 5 carbon sugar
B) Pyrimidines
C) Phosphate
D) Purines
E) Two choices are correct
Two choices are correct
Which aspect of a DNA helix was best explained by Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography?
the inward orientation of nitrogenous bases
A sample of double stranded DNA was found to contain 14% Adenine nucleotides.
Based on this information, what percentage of the nucleotides will be Cytosine?
36%
T/F: Two strands in dsDNA molecule were produced during the same replication event
False
Which of the following does not catalyze phosphodiester bonds?
A) Primase
B) Ligase
C) Helicase
D) Telomerase
Helicase
Consder the following double stranded DNA template:
5-A A A A A C C C C C C C C-3
3-T T T T T G G G G G G G G-5
Which of the nucleotides shown will be the first to form a hydrogen bond with a newly added nucleotide?
Thymine
Which prokaryotic replication enzyme(s) serve an editing/proofreading function?
DNA Polymerase I
Which organisms have bidirectional replication from OriC?
All organisms
T/F: Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA in the same cell use the same replication enzymes
False
Which organisms commonly use multiple replication forks?
Eukaryotes
Which statement is true?
A) Telomerase is used to remove telomeres.
B) Telomerase is used to produce/add to the length of telomeres
C) Telomerase is used near OriC.
D) Two statements are correct.
E) All statements are correct.
B) Telomerase is used to produce/add to the length of telomeres
Which stage(s) of the eukaryotic cell cycle (G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis) experience the most transcription?
G1 and G2
In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Is transcription unidirectional or bidirectional?
unidirectional in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Which of the following is observed in a pre-transcription complex?
A) The DNA template is open and sigma polymerase is not attached to the template.
B) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is not attached to the template.
C) The DNA template is open and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.
D) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.
D) The DNA template is closed and sigma polymerase is attached to the template.
Which portion of an RNA polymerase holoenzyme catalyzes phosphodiester bonds?
Core
Which portion of RNA polymerase holoenzyme recognizes consensus sequences within promoters?
Sigma
Which type(s) of bonds are necessary to create a transfer-RNA?
hydrogen and phosphodiester
What is the direction of synthesis during transcription?
5 -> 3
Is base complementarity used to assemble ribosomes (to attach ribosomal-RNA to a protein core)?
No
If the poly-Adenine tail is not added to a piece of mRNA, what is mst likely to happen to the mRNA?
It will be degraded/become shorter in length.
In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.
Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]
Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]
Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]
Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]
Which kind of organism is this?
Eukaryote
In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.
Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]
Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]
Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]
Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]
Which process is most likely to have created the different isoforms?
alternative splicing
In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.
Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]
Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]
Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]
Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]
Which domains are made by constitutive exons?
Alpha
In a certain organism, one gene is known to produce four different polypeptide isoforms.
Form 1 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain]
Form 2 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Delta domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Beta domain]
Form 3 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Gamma domain] - [Delta domain] - [Kappa domain]
Form 4 includes: [Alpha domain] - [Beta domain] - [Delta domain]
Which kind of exons are used to produce domains Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Kappa?
Facultative
Which proteins are used to perform splicing of mRNA?
snRNPs
Which word describes the direct relationship between the linear sequence of nucleotides within a gene and the primary structure (order of amino acids) in a petide?
colinearity
How does the redundancy/repetition within the genetic code affect point mutations?
It reduces the frequency of mutations.
Which enzyme attaches a transfer-RNA to the correct amino acid?
Synthetase
What recognizes and attaches to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
small (30s) ribosome
During translation, when does translocation occur?
during elongation (after a peptide bond forms)
Where is the start AUG codon located?
at the 5` end of the messenger-RNA
Describe the following: A mutation in which adenine is replaced by guanine, and the amino acid changes in the peptide
transition missesnse
Which of the following accurately describes the mutation associated with Sickle Cell Disease?
missesnse
How is a suppressor mutation different from a reversion mutation?
Reversion mutations are always within the same gene as the original mutation.
Which type of mutation exists because of the redundancy/repetition in the genetic code?
silent
In many plant species, ___ can occur in an ____-numver polyploid organism to create a viable and fertile organisms with a doubled chromosome number
Somatic doubling, even
Nondisjunction increases with age in
Female mammals, because of extended time in synapsis
The gametes produced during meiosis include the following four cells:
(N+1) (N+1) (N-1) (N-1)
Which event led to these gametes
Nondisjunction in Anaphase I
Which individual will possess a Barr body?
A. A female with Down syndrome
B. A male with Klinefelter Syndrome
C. A female with Turner Syndrome
D. A male with Down syndrome
E. More than one of these choices is correct
E. More than one of these choices is correct
The chromosomes shown below are included in the four gametes produced during meiosis (* indicates a centromere)
Gamete 1: ABCDEFGHIJ
Gamete 2: ABCDEDIJ
Gamete 3: ABCHGFEDIJ
Gamete 4: ABCHHGFEFGHIJ
What has occurred?
A pericentric inversion has occurred
The chromosomes shown below are included in the four gametes produced during meiosis (* indicates a centromere)
Gamete 1: ABCDEFGHIJ
Gamete 2: ABCDEDIJ
Gamete 3: ABCHGFEDIJ
Gamete 4: ABCHHGFEFGHIJ
Which of the gametes will become aneuploid
Gamete 2
A female mouse with white fur is crossed with a male mouse with black fur. Their offspring include 20 black mice and 20 white mice. Assuming standard Mendelian gene functions, which of the following are possible genotypes for the parental mice?
1. Female Bb X Male Bb
2. Female Bb X Male Bb
3. Female bb X Male Bb
4. Female BB X Male bb
Choices 2 and 3 equally likely
