Molecular Structure Of DNA Flashcards
The scientific study of how living organisms determine and inherit physical characteristics
Genetics
The material used to determine inheritance and expression of physical characteristics in living organisms
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
A monomer (building block, basic structural unit) within a DNA polymer
Nucleotide
A segment of DNA that directs the production of one polypeptide
Gene
The complete set of genetic material in one living organism
Genome
The association between nucleotides and corresponding Amino Acids of peptides
Genetic Code
What year were Mendel’s Laws accepted?
1903
What year was the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance proposed?
1903
What year was DNA determined to be the universal inheritance material?
1952
What year was the molecular structure of DNA proposed by Watson & Crick?
1953
What year was the human genome sequenced?
2003
1928: Research with smooth and rough strains of Strep. Pneumoniae
Griffiths-Transforming Principle
1944: S. Pneumoniae separated into marcomolecule fractions. Concluded that DNA is the inheritance material
Avery, McCarty & MacCleod-Transforming Agent ID
1952: Phage Labeling. Confirmed DNA as the inheritance material/transformation agent
Hersey & Chase
DNA specific stains to visualize chromosomes in order to generate basic information about nucleic acid composition
Microscopy + Chemistry
Sugar + Base = _________
Nucleoside
Nucleoside + phosphate = __________
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are the ______ in Nucleic Acids
monomers
Adenine & Guanine are _____ (double ring)
Purines
Cytosine & Thymine are _______ (single ring)
Pyrimidines
In dsDNA, #purines = #pyrimidines
Chargaff’s Rule
Adenine forms a _____ with Thymine
Double hydrogen bond
Cytosine forms a ____ with Guanine
Triple hydrogen bond
Performed by Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins. Proved the overall shape of DNA is helical, and the individual nucleotides are perpendicular to the main axis of the molecule
X-Ray Crystallography
Linear polynucleotide strands are created by ____
Phosphodiester bonds
Two strands are held together by forming ____ between their nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen bonds
The orientation of the two strands occurs is ____
Anti-parallel
The DNA structure coils upon itself at ____ per revolution
Ten nucleotides (34 angstrom)
