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Genetics > Molecular Structure Of DNA > Flashcards

Molecular Structure Of DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of how living organisms determine and inherit physical characteristics

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The material used to determine inheritance and expression of physical characteristics in living organisms

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

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3
Q

A monomer (building block, basic structural unit) within a DNA polymer

A

Nucleotide

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4
Q

A segment of DNA that directs the production of one polypeptide

A

Gene

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5
Q

The complete set of genetic material in one living organism

A

Genome

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6
Q

The association between nucleotides and corresponding Amino Acids of peptides

A

Genetic Code

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7
Q

What year were Mendel’s Laws accepted?

A

1903

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8
Q

What year was the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance proposed?

A

1903

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9
Q

What year was DNA determined to be the universal inheritance material?

A

1952

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10
Q

What year was the molecular structure of DNA proposed by Watson & Crick?

A

1953

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11
Q

What year was the human genome sequenced?

A

2003

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12
Q

1928: Research with smooth and rough strains of Strep. Pneumoniae

A

Griffiths-Transforming Principle

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13
Q

1944: S. Pneumoniae separated into marcomolecule fractions. Concluded that DNA is the inheritance material

A

Avery, McCarty & MacCleod-Transforming Agent ID

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14
Q

1952: Phage Labeling. Confirmed DNA as the inheritance material/transformation agent

A

Hersey & Chase

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15
Q

DNA specific stains to visualize chromosomes in order to generate basic information about nucleic acid composition

A

Microscopy + Chemistry

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16
Q

Sugar + Base = _________

A

Nucleoside

17
Q

Nucleoside + phosphate = __________

A

Nucleotide

18
Q

Nucleotides are the ______ in Nucleic Acids

A

monomers

19
Q

Adenine & Guanine are _____ (double ring)

A

Purines

20
Q

Cytosine & Thymine are _______ (single ring)

A

Pyrimidines

21
Q

In dsDNA, #purines = #pyrimidines

A

Chargaff’s Rule

22
Q

Adenine forms a _____ with Thymine

A

Double hydrogen bond

23
Q

Cytosine forms a ____ with Guanine

A

Triple hydrogen bond

24
Q

Performed by Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins. Proved the overall shape of DNA is helical, and the individual nucleotides are perpendicular to the main axis of the molecule

A

X-Ray Crystallography

25
Q

Linear polynucleotide strands are created by ____

A

Phosphodiester bonds

26
Q

Two strands are held together by forming ____ between their nitrogenous bases

A

Hydrogen bonds

27
Q

The orientation of the two strands occurs is ____

A

Anti-parallel

28
Q

The DNA structure coils upon itself at ____ per revolution

A

Ten nucleotides (34 angstrom)

Genetics (12 decks)

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