Trait theories Flashcards
Define
Judging versus perceiving
Functions added to Jung’s types by Myers and Briggs; being planful versus more spontaneous
Define
Thinking versus feeling
The rational functions in Jungian theory
Define
Intuition versus sensation
The irrational functions in Jungian theory
Define
Extraversion versus intraversion
Getting energy from social situations versus being alone, in Jungian theory
Define
Facets
More specific components of the Big Five, subcaregories of Big Five traits
Define
Lexical hypothesis
That traits important for survival and reproduction became embedded in our language, with the most important traits represented by the largest number of words
Define
Hostile attribution bias
The tendency to see others as hostile and aggressive
Define
Openness to experience
Being interested in trying new activities and playing with new ideas, beliefs, and value systems; opposite: being conventional and less comfortable to change
Define
Neuroticism
Negative emotions such as worry and anger; opposite: calmness and emotional stability
Define
Agreeableness
Caring for others and getting along with other people; opposite: being argumentative, combative, and self-centered
Define
Traits
Relatively stable rendencies of individuals
Define
Big Five
Five comprehensive personality domains; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience
Define
Conscientiousness
Organised, ambitious and self-controlled; opposite: being messy, unmotivated, and impulsive
Define
Extraversion
How outgoing, assertive, and talkative someone is
Define
Narcissism
The combination of excessive self-love and a lack of empathy toward others
Define
Factor analysis
Analysing correlations among items to see which form related clusters
Definition
Functions added to Jung’s types by Myers and Briggs; being planful versus more spontaneous
Judging versus perceiving
Definition
The rational functions in Jungian theory
Thinking versus feeling
Definition
The irrational functions in Jungian theory
Intuition versus sensation
Definition
Getting energy from social situations versus being alone, in Jungian theory
Extraversion versus intraversion
Definition
More specific components of the Big Five, subcaregories of Big Five traits
Facets
Definition
That traits important for survival and reproduction became embedded in our language, with the most important traits represented by the largest number of words
Lexical hypothesis
Definition
The tendency to see others as hostile and aggressive
Hostile attribution bias
Definition
Being interested in trying new activities and playing with new ideas, beliefs, and value systems; opposite: being conventional and less comfortable to change
Openness to experience
Definition
Negative emotions such as worry and anger; opposite: calmness and emotional stability
Neuroticism
Definition
Caring for others and getting along with other people; opposite: being argumentative, combative, and self-centered
Agreeableness
Definition
Relatively stable rendencies of individuals
Traits
Definition
Five comprehensive personality domains; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience
Big Five
Definition
Organised, ambitious and self-controlled; opposite: being messy, unmotivated, and impulsive
Conscientiousness
Definition
How outgoing, assertive, and talkative someone is
Extraversion
Definition
The combination of excessive self-love and a lack of empathy toward others
Narcissism
Definition
Analysing correlations among items to see which form related clusters
Factor analysis
Who was the first to describe that people differ in fundamental ways?
Hippocrates (400BC)
Who described the four bodily humours?
Galen (150AD)
What were the four bodily humours described by Galen?
Black bile
Yellow bile
Phlegm
Blood
What is a trait?
- A trait is the primary unit of personality description
- A relatively enduring characteristic of a person
- Represent a pattern of behavior, thinking or feeling
- Traits are variable between individuals
- Traits are a disposition
- a probabilistic tendency to act a certain way in particular circumstances
What does the trait concept describe?
Personality traits refer to consistent patterns in the way individuals behave, feel, and think
What are the two connotations of the trait concept?
Consistency (trait describes a regularity in behavior)
Distinctiveness (trait theorists typically concerned with ways in which individuals differ from each other)