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PSY2042 > Self-concept and self-processes > Flashcards

Self-concept and self-processes Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Ego depletion

A

A state of exhausted self-control

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2
Q

Define

Self-control

A

Willpower; the ability to control one’s oen behaviour

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3
Q

Define

Ideal self

A

The person you want to be

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4
Q

Define

Vulnerable narcissism

A

Narcissism including low extraversion and dominance but high neuroticism

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5
Q

Define

Self-discrepancy theory

A

A model linking the distance between the actual self and the ought and ideal selves to emotion

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6
Q

Define

Possible selves

A

The selves you imagine you could be, whether ideal or feared

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7
Q

Define

Discrepancy

A

The difference between where you are (your actual self) and where you want to be (for example, your ideal and ought self)

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8
Q

Define

Ought self

A

The person you think you should be

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9
Q

Define

Self-regulation

A

The process of guiding and directing yourself to a desired state

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10
Q

Define

Grandiose narcissism

A

Narcissism including high extraversion and dominance but low neuroticism

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11
Q

Define

Common humanity

A

The awareness that all humans make mistakes

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12
Q

Define

Mindfulness

A

Being aware of your thoughts and feelings without becoming attached to them

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13
Q

Define

Loneliness

A

The experience of having fewer relationships than are desired

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14
Q

Define

Self-efficacy

A

The belief that one will be effective and successfully work toward goals

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15
Q

Define

Self-kindness

A

Being kind to yourself

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16
Q

Define

Self-serving bias

A

The tendency to take crecit fot success but deny responsibility for failure

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17
Q

Define

Self-compassion

A

Being king to yourself; treating yourself with the same sense of compassion that you would treat others

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18
Q

Define

Imposter phenomenon

A

The experience of feeling like a phony, a fraud, or a fake

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19
Q

Define

Explicit self-esteem

A

Self-esteem you are aware of having

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20
Q

Define

Self-enhancement

A

The desire to maintain and increase the positivity of the self-concept

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21
Q

Define

Sociometer theory

A

A theory linking level of self-esteem with level of belongingness

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22
Q

Define

Implicit self-esteem

A

Self-esteem you are not necessarily aware of having

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23
Q

Define

Self-esteem regulation

A

The actions involved in maintaining high self-esteem

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24
Q

Define

Authentic relationships (as part of authenticity)

A

A relationship in which someone can be who they really are

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25
Q

Define

Unbiased processing (as part of authenticity)

A

Ability to see the good and the bad in the world and make decisions based on this information

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26
Q

Define

Spiritual self

A

A person’s moral center

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27
Q

Define

Behaviour (as part of authenticity)

A

Acting in a way that reflects the true self

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28
Q

Define

Social self

A

The part of the self related to group membership

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29
Q

Define

Self-monitoring

A

The tendency to adapt behaviour to fit the demands of the situation

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30
Q

Define

Awareness (as part of authenticity)

A

Awareness of your motives, strengths, and weaknesses

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31
Q

Define

Authenticity

A

The extent to which a person feels aligned to his or her true self

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32
Q

Define

True self

A

The person you really are

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33
Q

Define

Material self

A

The extension of the self into the body, clothes, and possessions

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34
Q

Define

Collectivism

A

A cultural system that values the needs of the group more than those of the individual self

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35
Q

Define

Individualism

A

A cultural system that values the needs of the individual self more than those of the group

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36
Q

Define

Self-Esteem

A

People’s evauations of their own self-worth - that is, the extent to which they view themselves as good, competent, and decent

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37
Q

Define

Self-Concept

A

The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes

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38
Q

Define

Social Exchange Theory

A

The idea that people’s feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of its rewards and costs, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else

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39
Q

Definition

A state of exhausted self-control

A

Ego depletion

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40
Q

Definition

Willpower; the ability to control one’s oen behaviour

A

Self-control

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41
Q

Definition

The person you want to be

A

Ideal self

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42
Q

Definition

Narcissism including low extraversion and dominance but high neuroticism

A

Vulnerable narcissism

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43
Q

Definition

A model linking the distance between the actual self and the ought and ideal selves to emotion

A

Self-discrepancy theory

How well did you know this?
1
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3
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44
Q

Definition

The selves you imagine you could be, whether ideal or feared

A

Possible selves

45
Q

Definition

The difference between where you are (your actual self) and where you want to be (for example, your ideal and ought self)

A

Discrepancy

46
Q

Definition

The person you think you should be

A

Ought self

47
Q

Definition

The process of guiding and directing yourself to a desired state

A

Self-regulation

48
Q

Definition

Narcissism including high extraversion and dominance but low neuroticism

A

Grandiose narcissism

49
Q

Definition

The awareness that all humans make mistakes

A

Common humanity

50
Q

Definition

Being aware of your thoughts and feelings without becoming attached to them

A

Mindfulness

51
Q

Definition

The experience of having fewer relationships than are desired

A

Loneliness

52
Q

Definition

The belief that one will be effective and successfully work toward goals

A

Self-efficacy

53
Q

Definition

Being kind to yourself

A

Self-kindness

54
Q

Definition

The tendency to take crecit fot success but deny responsibility for failure

A

Self-serving bias

55
Q

Definition

Being king to yourself; treating yourself with the same sense of compassion that you would treat others

A

Self-compassion

56
Q

Definition

The experience of feeling like a phony, a fraud, or a fake

A

Imposter phenomenon

57
Q

Definition

Self-esteem you are aware of having

A

Explicit self-esteem

58
Q

Definition

The desire to maintain and increase the positivity of the self-concept

A

Self-enhancement

59
Q

Definition

A theory linking level of self-esteem with level of belongingness

A

Sociometer theory

60
Q

Definition

Self-esteem you are not necessarily aware of having

A

Implicit self-esteem

61
Q

Definition

The actions involved in maintaining high self-esteem

A

Self-esteem regulation

62
Q

Definition

A relationship in which someone can be who they really are

A

Authentic relationships (as part of authenticity)

63
Q

Definition

Ability to see the good and the bad in the world and make decisions based on this information

A

Unbiased processing (as part of authenticity)

64
Q

Definition

A person’s moral center

A

Spiritual self

65
Q

Definition

Acting in a way that reflects the true self

A

Behaviour (as part of authenticity)

66
Q

Definition

The part of the self related to group membership

A

Social self

67
Q

Definition

The tendency to adapt behaviour to fit the demands of the situation

A

Self-monitoring

68
Q

Definition

Awareness of your motives, strengths, and weaknesses

A

Awareness (as part of authenticity)

69
Q

Definition

The extent to which a person feels aligned to his or her true self

A

Authenticity

70
Q

Definition

The person you really are

A

True self

71
Q

Definition

The extension of the self into the body, clothes, and possessions

A

Material self

72
Q

Definition

A cultural system that values the needs of the group more than those of the individual self

A

Collectivism

73
Q

Definition

A cultural system that values the needs of the individual self more than those of the group

A

Individualism

74
Q

Definition

People’s evauations of their own self-worth - that is, the extent to which they view themselves as good, competent, and decent

A

Self-Esteem

75
Q

Definition

The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes

A

Self-Concept

76
Q

Definition

The idea that people’s feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of its rewards and costs, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else

A

Social Exchange Theory

77
Q

Who were the early psychologists who studied the self?

A
  • William James
    • Chapter on the self in The Principles of Psychology
  • Sigmund Freud
    • Discussed German concept of “selbst” (or “self”)
    • Was translated to “ego” in English
  • Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers
    • Changing the self is basic to psychotherapy
78
Q

How is the self typically examined?

A
  • Twenty Statements Test (TST)
    • Ask a person to complete the statement “I am . . .” in 20 different ways.
    • Responses can be categorized in one of five ways.
      • Social groups and classifications
      • Ideological beliefs
      • Interests
      • Ambitions
      • Self‐evaluation
79
Q

What are the four main aspects of self-concept?

A

The material self

The social self

The spiritual self

The true self

80
Q

What is self-verification?

A

Desire to have others perceive us as we truly perceive ourselves

81
Q

What are the four components of authenticity?

A

Awareness

Unbiased processing

Behavior

Authentic relationships

82
Q

How is self-esteem typically measured?

A

Rosenberg self-esteem scale

83
Q

What are the two types of self-esteem?

A

Implicit

Explicit

84
Q

Which phenomenons allow us to maintain our self-esteem?

A

Self-enhancement

Self-esteem regulation

Self-serving bias

85
Q

What are the three components of self-compassion?

A

Self‐kindness

Common humanity

Mindfulness

86
Q

True or False:

Self-esteem is better than self-efficacy at predicting work performance

A

False

Self‐efficacy is twice as good at predicting job performance as self‐esteem.

87
Q

What are the two forms of narcissism?

A

Grandiose

Vulnerable

88
Q
  1. The person’s perceptions of the world make up the
    a) person’s construct system.
    b) person’s phenomenal field.
    c) ego.
    d) self.
A
  1. The person’s perceptions of the world make up the
    a) person’s construct system.

b) person’s phenomenal field.

c) ego.
d) self.

89
Q
  1. In terms of his view of people, Carl Rogers
    a) has a Pollyanna view.
    b) denies that people can be hostile or selfish.
    c) emphasises the potential for destruction.
    d) emphasises positive tendencies.
A
  1. In terms of his view of people, Carl Rogers
    a) has a Pollyanna view.
    b) denies that people can be hostile or selfish.
    c) emphasises the potential for destruction.

d) emphasises positive tendencies.

90
Q
  1. According to Carl Rogers, the direction of our movement basically is toward
    a) self-actualization.
    b) maturity.
    c) socialisation.
    d) all of the above.
A
  1. According to Carl Rogers, the direction of our movement basically is toward

a) self-actualization.

b) maturity.
c) socialisation.
d) all of the above.

91
Q
  1. A measure of the self-concept used frequently by Carl Rogers in his research is called
    a) the REP test.
    b) the Q technique.
    c) the Rorschach test.
    d) self-as-object.
A
  1. A measure of the self-concept used frequently by Carl Rogers in his research is called
    a) the REP test.

b) the Q technique.

c) the Rorschach test.
d) self-as-object.

92
Q
  1. For Carl Rogers, the self is made up of `
    a) an organisation of parts.
    b) parts.
    c) stimulus-response units.
    d) parts that basically are stable and unchanging.
A
  1. For Carl Rogers, the self is made up of `

a) an organisation of parts.

b) parts.
c) stimulus-response units.
d) parts that basically are stable and unchanging.

93
Q
  1. The concept of self-actualization
    a) can be measured in terms of projective tests.
    b) is too concrete to be of scientific utility.
    c) has yet to be tied to an objective measure.
    d) all of the above.
A
  1. The concept of self-actualization
    a) can be measured in terms of projective tests.
    b) is too concrete to be of scientific utility.

c) has yet to be tied to an objective measure.

d) all of the above.

94
Q
  1. Freud is to drives as Rogers is to
    a) tension reduction.
    b) self-actualization.
    c) incongruence.
    d) subception.
A
  1. Freud is to drives as Rogers is to
    a) tension reduction.

b) self-actualization.

c) incongruence.
d) subception.

95
Q
  1. Carl Rogers’ concept for the experiencing of a stimulus without bringing it into awareness is
    a) incongruence.
    b) subception.
    c) self-actualization.
    d) defensiveness.
A
  1. Carl Rogers’ concept for the experiencing of a stimulus without bringing it into awareness is
    a) incongruence.

b) subception.

c) self-actualization.
d) defensiveness.

96
Q
  1. According to Carl Rogers, through the defense mechanism of denial we
    a) allow an experience into awareness, but in a form consistent with the self.
    b) experience a stimulus without bringing it into awareness.
    c) preserve the self-structure from threat.
    d) none of the above.
A
  1. According to Carl Rogers, through the defense mechanism of denial we
    a) allow an experience into awareness, but in a form consistent with the self.
    b) experience a stimulus without bringing it into awareness.

c) preserve the self-structure from threat.

d) none of the above.

97
Q
  1. For Carl Rogers, defense occurs due to the threat of
    a) punishment.
    b) loss of positive regard.
    c) reflected appraisal.
    d) the ideal self.
A
  1. For Carl Rogers, defense occurs due to the threat of
    a) punishment.

b) loss of positive regard.

c) reflected appraisal.
d) the ideal self.

98
Q
  1. With regard to the interaction of parent and child during the child’s development, it has been found that
    a) there appears to be an inverse relationship between the types of evaluations a parent makes of himself and the types of evaluations he makes of the child.
    b) children of democratic parents tend to be more aggressive in filling their needs.
    c) children of authoritarian parents tend to have greater intellectual development.
    d) the most critical determinant of what a child feels about himself is his perception of his parents’ feeling about him.
A
  1. With regard to the interaction of parent and child during the child’s development, it has been found that
    a) there appears to be an inverse relationship between the types of evaluations a parent makes of himself and the types of evaluations he makes of the child.
    b) children of democratic parents tend to be more aggressive in filling their needs.
    c) children of authoritarian parents tend to have greater intellectual development.

d) the most critical determinant of what a child feels about himself is his perception of his parents’ feeling about him.

99
Q
  1. Which of the following was not true of Carl Rogers’ theory of personality?
    a) His theory emphasised processes of change.
    b) His theory used few structural concepts.
    c) His theory emphasised the defensive processes present in the person.
    d) His theory emphasised self-report.
A
  1. Which of the following was not true of Carl Rogers’ theory of personality?
    a) His theory emphasised processes of change.
    b) His theory used few structural concepts.

c) His theory emphasised the defensive processes present in the person.

d) His theory emphasised self-report.

100
Q
  1. As a scientist, George A. Kelly viewed the person as
    a) basically good.
    b) basically active.
    c) basically evil.
    d) a “tabula rasa” (blank slate).
A
  1. As a scientist, George A. Kelly viewed the person as
    a) basically good.

b) basically active.

c) basically evil.
d) a “tabula rasa” (blank slate).

101
Q
  1. People have many different notions about what the goals of science are. George A. Kelly felt that the goal of science is
    a) the development of construct systems that are helpful in anticipating events.
    b) the discovery of truth.
    c) the uncovering of things heretofore unknown.
    d) none of the above.
A
  1. People have many different notions about what the goals of science are. George A. Kelly felt that the goal of science is

a) the development of construct systems that are helpful in anticipating events.

b) the discovery of truth.
c) the uncovering of things heretofore unknown.
d) none of the above.

102
Q
  1. The value of constructs is that they
    a) help us to gratify our instincts.
    b) help us to impose order and regularity on the world.
    c) are associated with affect and motivation.
    d) all of the above.
A
  1. The value of constructs is that they
    a) help us to gratify our instincts.

b) help us to impose order and regularity on the world.

c) are associated with affect and motivation.
d) all of the above.

103
Q
  1. According to George A. Kelly, to understand a construct we must know its
    a) similarity pole.
    b) contrast pole.
    c) both (a) and (b).
    d) neither (a) nor (b).
A
  1. According to George A. Kelly, to understand a construct we must know its
    a) similarity pole.
    b) contrast pole.

c) both (a) and (b).

d) neither (a) nor (b).

104
Q
  1. George A. Kelly’s theory advocates that a person’s own personality is made up of
    a) their entire construct system.
    b) those parts of the construct system that relate to the self.
    c) those parts of the construct system that are potentially related to the self.
    d) those constructs which relate to the “self” in conjunction with those constructs which relate to the ideal self.
A
  1. George A. Kelly’s theory advocates that a person’s own personality is made up of

a) their entire construct system.

b) those parts of the construct system that relate to the self.
c) those parts of the construct system that are potentially related to the self.
d) those constructs which relate to the “self” in conjunction with those constructs which relate to the ideal self.

105
Q
  1. George A. Kelly’s concept of a submerged construct is most similar to
    a) Freud’s instinct.
    b) Rogers’ subception.
    c) Freud’s repression.
    d) none of the above.
A
  1. George A. Kelly’s concept of a submerged construct is most similar to
    a) Freud’s instinct.
    b) Rogers’ subception.

c) Freud’s repression.

d) none of the above.

106
Q
  1. If an anticipated event does not occur the person
    a) may develop a new construct.
    b) may loosen a construct.
    c) may reorganise the construct system.
    d) may do any of the above.
A
  1. If an anticipated event does not occur the person
    a) may develop a new construct.
    b) may loosen a construct.
    c) may reorganise the construct system.

d) may do any of the above.

107
Q
  1. In George A. Kelly’s theory, a person experiences anxiety when
    a) one is aware of imminent, comprehensive change in one’s environment.
    b) one recognises events that are outside the range of convenience of one’s construct system.
    c) undertaking a dangerous task.
    d) one experiences invalidated constructs.
A
  1. In George A. Kelly’s theory, a person experiences anxiety when
    a) one is aware of imminent, comprehensive change in one’s environment.

b) one recognises events that are outside the range of convenience of one’s construct system.

c) undertaking a dangerous task.
d) one experiences invalidated constructs.

108
Q
  1. According to George A. Kelly’s system whenever people feel that a major shake-up in the construct system is about to occur, they feel
    a) anxiety.
    b) fear.
    c) frustration.
    d) threat.
A
  1. According to George A. Kelly’s system whenever people feel that a major shake-up in the construct system is about to occur, they feel
    a) anxiety.
    b) fear.
    c) frustration.

d) threat.

109
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of George A. Kelly’s theory?
    a) It is based on clinical experience.
    b) It is behavioral.
    c) It is based on laboratory research.
    d) It uses questionnaires.
A
  1. Which of the following is true of George A. Kelly’s theory?

a) It is based on clinical experience.

b) It is behavioral.
c) It is based on laboratory research.
d) It uses questionnaires.

PSY2042 (12 decks)

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