toxins Flashcards
Lead
interferes with cations like ca and mg
Increases reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and interferes with antioxidant
generation
Neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g. tremors,
coordination issues), anemia, reproduction
issues and renal failure
Arsenic (Ar)
interferes with oxP,
alters gene
signaling, increases
oxidative stress
Mercury (Hg)
Inhibits enzymes
and alters
membrane
structure
Botulinum (BotoxⓇ)
revents the release of acetylcholine in the PNS
Tetanus (TeNT)
Retrograde axonal transport to the CNS
inhibitory interneurons inhibiting the release of
inhibitory neurotransmitters (e.g. glycine and
GABA)
Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
Blocks neuronal sodium channels inhibiting
action potentials
agonists
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-
1 (TSLS)
Non-specific binding to MHC II and activating T-
cells which will cause a cytokine storm
Anatoxin-a (VFDF)
Mimics acetylcholine and activates nAchR (20
times greater affinity)
Loss of coordination, cyanosis, convulsions, and
respiratory arrest due to lack of oxygen to
brain
Zootoxins
sodium, potassium or calcium channel blockade.
nAchR mimetic as well.
Convulsion, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmias,
lung edema, muscle paralysis, respiratory
arrest
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Reversible binder to hemoglobin
Benzene
Mutagen known to cause chromosomal
breaks
Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCBs
Endocrine disruptor and can bind to the
arylhydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)
Hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and effects
on reproduction
Asbestos
Fibers that bind to macromolecules and
cell surface proteins to change function
Lung cancer, lung fibrosis, mesothelioma,
COPD
Ethylene glycol
locks oxidative phosphorylation Vomiting, intoxication, acute renal failure
Mutagenicity i
chemical to cause genetic alterations that can result in cell death or mutations.
