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Veterinary medicine year 2 > Toxicology (SA) > Flashcards

Toxicology (SA) Flashcards

1
Q

which drug is used to induce emesis in dogs?

A

Apomorphine

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2
Q

which drug is used to induce emesis in cats?

A

Xylazine

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3
Q

Which antiparasitic drugs should not be given to cats?

A

Pyrethrins

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4
Q

Which antiparasitic drugs should not be given to collies?

A

Avermectins

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5
Q

How does apracetamol cause toxicity in cats?

A

Oxidate injury - methaemaglobin formation

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6
Q

Which drug is the mainstay of paracetamol toxicosis Tx in cats?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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7
Q

What are the 3 phases of ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

GI irritation
CNS toxicity (Met acidosis)
Nephrotoxicity

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8
Q

What is the perferred antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Fomepizole (up to 32h post-exposure)

+SUPPORT

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9
Q

What do anticoagulant rodenticides antagonise?

A

VItamin K

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10
Q

What does metaldehyde poisoning cause?

A

Acute neurotoxicity followed by hepatotoxicity

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11
Q

How is metaldehyde poisoning treated?

A

Emesis & gastric lavage
IVFT
Diazepam

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12
Q

What are the signs of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?

A 
DUMBBELS
Diarrhoea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstrict
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
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13
Q

How do we treat cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?

A

Emesis OR gastric lavage & activated charcoal

ATROPINE (muscarinic SEs)
DIAZEPAM (seizures)
2-PAM (tremors)

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14
Q

What does paraquat poisoning cause?

A

Pulmonary Oedema and Haemorrage - fatal

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15
Q

How must paraquat poisoning NOT be treated?

A

O2 therapy!!

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16
Q

How is NSAID toxicity treated in cats?

A

Activated Charcoal doses q4-6h

Tx GI ulcers! (sucralfate)
Tx AKI! (furosemide)

17
Q

which toxic product is found in sugar, tea and coffee?

A

Methyxanthines

18
Q

What are the signs of methyxanthine poisoning?

A

GIT upset
CNS tremors/seizures
CV arrhythmia (SVT/Vent arrhythmia)

19
Q

Why is IVFT NOT reccomended in methyxanthine poisoning?

A

absorbed across bladder - needs to be kept small

20
Q

What does xylitol poisoning cause?

A

MASS INSULIN RELEASE
Hypoglycaeic with rebound hyperglycaemia and collapse.
Hepatic necrosis if large dose.

21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of grape/raisin toxicity?

A

AKI due to proximal tubular necrosis

22
Q

How do onions/garlic/leeks cause toxicity?

A

Damage RBcs

23
Q

What is the effect of low dose nicotine poisoning?

A

Stimulates PNS/CNS

24
Q

What is the effect of high dose nicotine poisoning?

A

Depressed CNs/PNs

25
Q

How should cannabis poisoning be treated?

A

Repeated activated charcoal administration

26
Q

How do you treat amphetamine toxicity?

A

ACP to control excitability/seizure.

+ SUPPORT

27
Q

How do you treat heroin toxicity?

A

Naloxone to effect

28
Q

How do you treat lead toxicity?

A

Decontamination and chelation

Veterinary medicine year 2 (23 decks)

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