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Veterinary medicine year 2 > The abdominal wall > Flashcards

The abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most obvious landmark of the ventral abdomen in all species?

A

Umbilicus or navel

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2
Q

Flank

A

Ventrolateral part of the abdominal wall between thoracic cage and the bones of the pelvis

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3
Q

Intrathoracic

A

Within the ribcage

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4
Q

Clinical signifane of the abdoinal wall

A

Abdominal surgery is frequently performed in dogs and cats
Wall incised in surgical approaches to abdominal organs

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5
Q

T/F: the abdominal wall is the frequent site for hernias

A

True

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6
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Polygastric muscle (ventral sternum)
Broad band to the sides of the linea alba

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7
Q

What is incised in almost all abdominal surgical approaches?

A

Muscles of the flank and abdominal floor

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8
Q

Lateral abdominal muscles

A

Transversus Abdominis
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
F: during contraction they aid in defecation, parturition, urination, respiration and locomotion

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9
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

Lateral surface of ribs and lumbar fascia
Superficial inguinal ring

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10
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

Coxal tuber & inguinal ligament
Craniocentral to the linea alba

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11
Q

What is the clinical significance of the internal abdominal oblique?

A

Caudal slip of the cremaster muscle

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12
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

From inner surface of last ribs and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Aponeurosis passes dorsally to recuts Abdominis

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13
Q

What is the public brim of the Rectus Abdominis?

A

Prepubic tendon

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14
Q

What does the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles form?

A

External leaf of the sheath (lamina externa) that covers the ventral aspect of rectus abdominis

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15
Q

Lamina externa

A

Aponeurosis of the abdominal oblique muscles
Ventral to the rectus Abdominis

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16
Q

Lamina interna

A

Aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle
Dorsal to the rectus Abdominis

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17
Q

What leaves to unite in the linea alba?

A

Aponeurotic tendon separated as the lamina interna and lamina externa

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18
Q

Linea alba

A

Fibrous line formed by union of the Aponeurosis of the right and left oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

19
Q

What attaches to the dorsal surface of the linea alba

A

Falciform ligament and median ligament of the bladder

20
Q

What are different surgical incisions through the linea alba?

A

Celiotomy (laparotomy)

21
Q

Paracentesis

A

Performed caudolateral to the umbilicus to avoid falciform ligament and risk of full bladder

22
Q

Which abdominal hernia is the most frequent?

A

Umbilical

23
Q

What does a congenital abdominal hernia result from?

A

Failure of the fusion of the lateral folds of the embryo

24
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

Slit in Aponeurosis on external abdominal oblique

25
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal/ deep inguinal ring?

A

Caudolteral: Inguinal ligament
Craniolateral: internal abdominal oblique
Medial: rectus Abdominis

26
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Potential space interconnecting 2 rings

27
Q

What does the inguinal canal convey?

A

External pudendal vessels
Genitofemoral cord (vaginal tunic)
Cremaster muscle
Vaginal process
(Round lig of uterus)

28
Q

Inguinal hernias

A

Most frequent in bitch
Opposite to the proportion in other domestic animals
Round lig of uterus dilates canal

29
Q

What is necessary to obtain normal fertility?

A

Testicular descent

30
Q

Early testicular development

A

At the cd. pole or the kidney
From the cd. pole of the kidney to the scrotum

31
Q

What does early testicular development depend on?

A

Gubernaculum testis

32
Q

How is the vaginal process formed?

A

As the fetus grows, the gubernaculum pulls the testis and epididymus caudally

33
Q

Gubernaculum testis

A

A gelatinous cord
Attaches the future scrotum to the epididymis and testis

34
Q

What happens near the end of gestation?

A

Gubernaculum swells, expanding the inguinal canal
Exerts pressure on the body wall at the super. inguinal ring
Testis displaced towards the abdominal entrance of the canal

35
Q

What happens when the epididymus and testis move out of the body into the scrotum?

A

Increase in intra-abdominal pressure that expels into the IC
Gubernaculum regression pulls the epididymus and testis to the bottom of the scrotum

36
Q

What is the result of the Gubernaculum regression?

A

Proper ligament of the testis
Ligament I’d the tail of the epididymus
Scrotal ligament

37
Q

What structures are in both sexes?

A

External pudendal vessels
Genitofemoral nerve

38
Q

What structures are in males?

A

Spermatic cord
Cremaster muscle

39
Q

What structure is in females?

A

Vaginal process

40
Q

Hernia

A

When structures go through the inguinal canal when they shouldn’t

41
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Structures fail to go through the inguinal canal (hidden testis)

42
Q

What is the effect of Cryptorchidism.

A

High temperature
Spermatogensis is not initiated at puberty

43
Q

What is the treatment of Cryptorchidism?

A

Exclude from breeding “heredity”

Veterinary medicine year 2 (23 decks)

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