The abdominal wall

Question 1

What is the most obvious landmark of the ventral abdomen in all species?

Answer 1

Umbilicus or navel

Question 2

Flank

Answer 2

Ventrolateral part of the abdominal wall between thoracic cage and the bones of the pelvis

Question 3

Intrathoracic

Answer 3

Within the ribcage

Question 4

Clinical signifane of the abdoinal wall

Answer 4

Abdominal surgery is frequently performed in dogs and cats
Wall incised in surgical approaches to abdominal organs

Question 5

T/F: the abdominal wall is the frequent site for hernias

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Rectus abdominus

Answer 6

Polygastric muscle (ventral sternum)
Broad band to the sides of the linea alba

Question 7

What is incised in almost all abdominal surgical approaches?

Answer 7

Muscles of the flank and abdominal floor

Question 8

Lateral abdominal muscles

Answer 8

Transversus Abdominis
Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
F: during contraction they aid in defecation, parturition, urination, respiration and locomotion

Question 9

External abdominal oblique

Answer 9

Lateral surface of ribs and lumbar fascia
Superficial inguinal ring

Question 10

Internal abdominal oblique

Answer 10

Coxal tuber & inguinal ligament
Craniocentral to the linea alba

Question 11

What is the clinical significance of the internal abdominal oblique?

Answer 11

Caudal slip of the cremaster muscle

Question 12

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 12

From inner surface of last ribs and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Aponeurosis passes dorsally to recuts Abdominis

Question 13

What is the public brim of the Rectus Abdominis?

Answer 13

Prepubic tendon

Question 14

What does the aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles form?

Answer 14

External leaf of the sheath (lamina externa) that covers the ventral aspect of rectus abdominis

Question 15

Lamina externa

Answer 15

Aponeurosis of the abdominal oblique muscles
Ventral to the rectus Abdominis

Question 16

Lamina interna

Answer 16

Aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis muscle
Dorsal to the rectus Abdominis

Question 17

What leaves to unite in the linea alba?

Answer 17

Aponeurotic tendon separated as the lamina interna and lamina externa

Question 18

Linea alba

Answer 18

Fibrous line formed by union of the Aponeurosis of the right and left oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

Question 19

What attaches to the dorsal surface of the linea alba

Answer 19

Falciform ligament and median ligament of the bladder

Question 20

What are different surgical incisions through the linea alba?

Answer 20

Celiotomy (laparotomy)

Question 21

Paracentesis

Answer 21

Performed caudolateral to the umbilicus to avoid falciform ligament and risk of full bladder

Question 22

Which abdominal hernia is the most frequent?

Answer 22

Umbilical

Question 23

What does a congenital abdominal hernia result from?

Answer 23

Failure of the fusion of the lateral folds of the embryo

Question 24

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 24

Slit in Aponeurosis on external abdominal oblique

Question 25

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal/ deep inguinal ring?

Answer 25

Caudolteral: Inguinal ligament Craniolateral: internal abdominal oblique Medial: rectus Abdominis

Question 26

Inguinal canal

Answer 26

Potential space interconnecting 2 rings

Question 27

What does the inguinal canal convey?

Answer 27

External pudendal vessels Genitofemoral cord (vaginal tunic) Cremaster muscle Vaginal process (Round lig of uterus)

Question 28

Inguinal hernias

Answer 28

Most frequent in bitch Opposite to the proportion in other domestic animals Round lig of uterus dilates canal

Question 29

What is necessary to obtain normal fertility?

Answer 29

Testicular descent

Question 30

Early testicular development

Answer 30

At the cd. pole or the kidney From the cd. pole of the kidney to the scrotum

Question 31

What does early testicular development depend on?

Answer 31

Gubernaculum testis

Question 32

How is the vaginal process formed?

Answer 32

As the fetus grows, the gubernaculum pulls the testis and epididymus caudally

Question 33

Gubernaculum testis

Answer 33

A gelatinous cord Attaches the future scrotum to the epididymis and testis

Question 34

What happens near the end of gestation?

Answer 34

Gubernaculum swells, expanding the inguinal canal Exerts pressure on the body wall at the super. inguinal ring Testis displaced towards the abdominal entrance of the canal

Question 35

What happens when the epididymus and testis move out of the body into the scrotum?

Answer 35

Increase in intra-abdominal pressure that expels into the IC Gubernaculum regression pulls the epididymus and testis to the bottom of the scrotum

Question 36

What is the result of the Gubernaculum regression?

Answer 36

Proper ligament of the testis Ligament I’d the tail of the epididymus Scrotal ligament

Question 37

What structures are in both sexes?

Answer 37

External pudendal vessels Genitofemoral nerve

Question 38

What structures are in males?

Answer 38

Spermatic cord Cremaster muscle

Question 39

What structure is in females?

Answer 39

Vaginal process

Question 40

Hernia

Answer 40

When structures go through the inguinal canal when they shouldn’t

Question 41

Cryptorchidism

Answer 41

Structures fail to go through the inguinal canal (hidden testis)

Question 42

What is the effect of Cryptorchidism.

Answer 42

High temperature Spermatogensis is not initiated at puberty

Question 43

What is the treatment of Cryptorchidism?

Answer 43

Exclude from breeding “heredity”