Topography of the Brain Flashcards
from what does the brain develop?
from the neural tube from ectoderm
what ventricles are in the cerebral hemispheres?
the lateral ventricles
what is the space within the diencephalon called?
the third ventricle
what is the cerebral aqueduct?
the cavity in the midbrain that is the narrowest part (so there could be obstruction)
where is the fourth ventricle?
between the pons and medulla, and the cerebellum
where is the csf found?
inside the ventricles and between the pia and the arachnoid mater
where is the csf formed?
by the choroid plexus (vascularised structure in the ventricles) but largest is in the lateral ventricles
how is the csf absorbed?
by arachnoid villi (projections of the arachnoid membrane) into superior sagittal sinus
where does the csf travel to the subarachnoid space?
three holes in the roof of the 4th ventricle
what foramen does the internal carotid artery enter the skull through?
foramen lacerum
what are the vertebral arteries branches of?
the subclavian artery
how do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?
through the foramen magnum
what two arteries does the internal carotid artery give off?
> anterior cerebral artery > the middle cerebral artery > the posterior communicating artery
what does the basilar artery split into?
the two posterior cerebral arteries
how do the two anterior cerebral arteries communicate?
with the anterior communicating artery
what forms the basilar artery?
the two vertebral arteries joining together
if one of the arteries to the circle of willis is compromised why does part of the brain not suffer ischemia straight away?
there is a reservoir of blood in the circle of willis keeping up the blood supply to the brain
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres (excluding the occipital lobe)
what does the middle cerebral artery supply?
lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
the inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe
where are the two layer of dura not connected together?
where there are sinuses
what fold of dura is on top of the cerebellum?
the tentorium cerebelli
what fold of dura is in between the hemispheres?
the flax cereberi
where is the sagittal sinus found?
in the midline between the two hemispheres, superior to the brain
what sinus leads on to the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen?
the sigmoid sinus
where is the cavernous venous sinus?
either side of the sphenoid bone around the pituitary gland
what vesicles does the neural tube develop?
> fore brain vesicle
midbrain vesicle
hindbrain vesicle
what does the forebrain vesicle go on to develop?
cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon
what does the hind brain form?
> pons and medulla at the front
> cerebellum at the back
what does the thalamus do?
it is a relay centre for sensory information
what part of the brain is a centre for involuntary reflexes?
the brainstem
where are cranial nerve nuclei and tract pathways found?
the brainstem
what is the cerebellum attached to?
the brainstem (not the hemispheres)
what makes up the brainstem?
midbrain
pons
medulla
what does the medulla continue on as?
the spinal cord
what are the pyraminds?
sweelings either side of the midline on the medulla made from motor fibre tracts
what is the point where the pyramid fibres cross over called?
decussation
where are olives found?
lateral to the pyramids on the medulla
what cranial nerves start from the medulla?
> IX
X
XI
XII
what are peduncles?
connections to the cerebellum
what does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connecting to?
the medulla
what does your reticular activating system control?
the state you are in (asleep, awake e.c.t)
what is posterior to the pons?
IV ventricle
how does the pons connect to the cerebellum?
the middle cerebellar peduncle
what cranial nerves originate from the ponmedullary junction?
VI
VII
VIII
what nerves originate from the pons?
V
VI
VII
VIII
what is the central cavity of the midbrain?
cerebral aqueduct
what are the cerebral peduncles?
motor neurons coming down in front of the thalamus into the midbrain
what are the colliculi?
the superior and inferior colliculi found on the posterior of the midbrain are for reflexes
what connects the midbrain to the cerebellum?
the superior cerebellar peduncles
what is the black substance found in a section of the midbrain?
substantia nigra
what joins the two lobes of the cerebellum?
the vermis
name the lobes of the cerebellum?
anterior lobe
posterior lobe
tonsils
