Brain Clinical Flashcards
name 3 common primary brain tumours
> glioma (neuroepithelal tissue)
meningioma
adenoma
name the commonest tumours that spread to the brain
> renal cell carcinoma > lung carcinoma > breast carcinoma > malignant melanoma > gi tract
what cells are gliomas derived from?
astrocytes
what is the WHO grade for gliomas?
IV
how do gliomas spread?
by tracking through white mater and CSF pathway
are meningiomas slow growing or fast growing?
slow growing
from what do meningiomas arise from?
arachnoid mater
true or false meningiomas are usually benign
true
where do meningiomas frequently occur?
> along the falx
convexity
sphenoid bone
how do pituitary tumours often present?
> visual disturbance
> hormone imbalance
how may brain tumours present?
> raised intracranial pressure
focal neurological deficit
epileptic fits
CSF obstruction
name some symptoms of raised intracranial pressure
> headache > nausea/vomiting > visual imbalance > somnolence > cognitive impairment > altered consciousness
name some signs of raised intracranial pressure
> papilloedema > 6th nerve palsy > cognitive impairment > altered consciousness > 3rd nerve palsy
gives some examples of focal neurological deficits
> hemiparesis > dysphasia > hemianopia > cognitive impairment > cranial nerve palsy > endocrine disorders
a patient presents with bitemporal hemianopia. where would you suspect their lesion is?
in the pituitary