Brain Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 common primary brain tumours

A

> glioma (neuroepithelal tissue)
meningioma
adenoma

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2
Q

name the commonest tumours that spread to the brain

A
> renal cell carcinoma
> lung carcinoma
> breast carcinoma
> malignant melanoma
> gi tract
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3
Q

what cells are gliomas derived from?

A

astrocytes

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4
Q

what is the WHO grade for gliomas?

A

IV

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5
Q

how do gliomas spread?

A

by tracking through white mater and CSF pathway

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6
Q

are meningiomas slow growing or fast growing?

A

slow growing

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7
Q

from what do meningiomas arise from?

A

arachnoid mater

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8
Q

true or false meningiomas are usually benign

A

true

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9
Q

where do meningiomas frequently occur?

A

> along the falx
convexity
sphenoid bone

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10
Q

how do pituitary tumours often present?

A

> visual disturbance

> hormone imbalance

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11
Q

how may brain tumours present?

A

> raised intracranial pressure
focal neurological deficit
epileptic fits
CSF obstruction

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12
Q

name some symptoms of raised intracranial pressure

A
> headache
> nausea/vomiting
> visual imbalance
> somnolence
> cognitive impairment
> altered consciousness
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13
Q

name some signs of raised intracranial pressure

A
> papilloedema
> 6th nerve palsy
> cognitive impairment
> altered consciousness
> 3rd nerve palsy
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14
Q

gives some examples of focal neurological deficits

A
> hemiparesis
> dysphasia
> hemianopia
> cognitive impairment
> cranial nerve palsy
> endocrine disorders
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15
Q

a patient presents with bitemporal hemianopia. where would you suspect their lesion is?

A

in the pituitary

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16
Q

a right handed patient presents with difficulty reading and expressing what they wish to say.
where may you suspect the lesion is?

A

left temporo-parietal area

17
Q

what lesions cause epilepsy?

A

lesions above the tentorium

18
Q

what investigations can be carried out for adequate cerebral imaging?

A

> CT
MRI
PET
angiography

19
Q

what investigations could be carried out if metastasis if suspected?

A

> CT chest/abdo/pelives
mammography
skin lesion and lymph node biopsy

20
Q

what are the management options for a glioblastoma multiforme?

A

> medical: steroids, anticonvulsants
radiotherapy
chemotherapy (temazolamide)

21
Q

what management options are there for metastasis?

A

> medical: steroids and anticonvulsants
radiotherapy
surgery

22
Q

what is the management for a meningioma?

A

surgery and anticonvulsants

23
Q

what is the prognosis in an astrocytoma?

A

> low grade there is a long life expectancy

> high grade there is a 1year average

24
Q

there are signs and symptoms suggesting an intracranial mass lesion.
should you perform a lumbar puncture?

A

NO DO NOT PERFORM A LUMBAR PUNCTURE!!!!!!!!!!!

25
Q

why shouldn’t you perform a lumbar puncture if there is an intracranial mass lesion?

A

> might causes meningitis
could cause herniation symptoms
could cause air embolism
make headache worse