Cranial Nerves Flashcards
what fibres may cranial nerves contain?
> somatic motor fibres > visceral motor fibres > visceral sensory fibres > genera sensory fibres > special sensory fibres
what is cranial 1?
olfactory
what foramen does the olfactory nerve pass through?
the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
what is cranial nerve 2?
optic nerve
what foramen does the cranial nerve pass through?
optic canal
what can an increase in csf cause to the optic nerve?
papilloedema
where would a lesion be to create right sided blindness?
in the right optic nerve
where would a lesion be to create bitemporal hemianopia?
in the optic chiasm
where would a lesion be to create left homonymous hemianopsia?
right optic tract
name cranial nerve three
oculomotor nerve
which foramen does the oculomotor (3) pass?
the superior orbital fissure
what are the components of the oculomotor nerve?
> somatic motor
> visceral motor
what is ptosis?
drooping of the upper eyelid
what is the effect of the parasympathetic system via the oculomotor nerve on the pupil and ciliary muscle?
it causes pupillary constriction and accommodation by the ciliary muscle
what muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
> medial, superior and inferior rectus
inferior oblique
levator palpebrae superiorus
name the IV cranial nerve
trochlear nerve
where does cranial nerve IV exit the skull?
at the superior orbital fissure
what muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate?
the superior oblique
name cranial nerve VI
abducent
where does the abducent emerge from in the brain?
between the pons and the medulla
what fissure does cranial nerve VI pass through?
superior orbital fissure
what muscle does the abducent nerve innervate?
the lateral rectus
name cranial nerve V
the trigeminal nerve
what three nerve makes up the trigeminal nerve?
ophthalmic V1
maxillary V2
Mandibular V3
where does CNV1 exit the skull?
the superior orbital fissure
what does the ophthalmic V1 supply?
> cornea > forehead > scalp > eyelids > nose > mucosa of nasal cavity > sinuses
what foramen does CNV2, maxillary nerve pass through?
foramen rotundum
what does the maxillary nerve CNV2 supply?
> face > teeth > temporomandibular joint > mucosa of nose > maxillary sinuses > palate
what foramen does the mandibular nerve CNV3 exit the skull through?
foramen ovale
what is the sensory innervation of the mandibular nerve?
> over mandible > teeth > tmj joint > mucosa of mouth > anterior 2/3rds of tongue
what muscles are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
> muscles of mastication
digastric
tensor veli palatine
tensor tympani
name cranial nerve 7 CNVII
facial nerve
where does the facial nerve exit the skull?
the internal acoustic meatus
where does the facial nerve emerge from the brain?
between the pons and the medulla
what is the motor innervation of the facial nerve?
> muscles of facial expression
stapedius of middle ear
part of digastric muscles
what is the visceral motor component of the facial nerve?
> submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
lacrimal glands
nose glands
palate
what is the special sensory component of the facial nerve?
taste form anterior 2/3rds of tongue and soft palate
what is the general sensory component of the facial nerve?
external acoustic meatus
what nerve is affected in bells palsy?
the facial nerve, CNVII
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the brain?
between the pons and the medulla
name cranial nerve CNVIII
vestibulocochlear nerve
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?
the internal acoustic meatus
to what does the vestibulocochlear nerve provide sensory information?
> semicircular ducts
uticle
saccule
what can occur if there is damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve?
> tinnitus
deafness
vertigo
nystagmus
name cranial nerve CNIX
glossopharyngeal nerve
where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?
the jugular foramen
what part of the tongue does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?
the posterior 3rd of the tongue
what are the general sensory components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
middle are and posterior oral cavity
what are the visceral sensory components of cranial nerve CNIX?
sensation from the carotid body and carotid sinus
what nerve innervates the parotid gland?
CNIX glossopharyngeal nerve
what is the somatic motor components of the glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX?
to stylopharyngeus helping with swallowing
name CNX
vagus nerve
where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?
through the jugular foramen
what is the visceral motor component of the vagus nerve?
parasympathetic innervation of the bronchi, gut and heart
what is the somatic motor component of the vagus nerve?
pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus
name CNXI
accessory nerve
where does the accessory nerve exit the skull?
jugular foramen
what are the somatic motor components of the accessory nerve?
> soft palate
pharynx
larynx
scm and trapezius
name cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal nerve
where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?
the hypoglossal canal
what is the somatic motor component of CNXII?
the muscles of the tongue
