Topical Skin Therapeutics

Question 1

Name advantages and disadvantages of topical treatments?

Answer 1

direct application, reduced systemic effects

time consuming, correct dosage hard to determine, messy

Question 2

Describe creams

Answer 2

semisolid emulsion of oil in water.
Contains emulsifier & preservative,
high water content
cool & moisture 
non greasy
easy to apply
cosmetically acceptable

Question 3

Describe ointments

Answer 3

semisolid grease/oil (soft parafin)
no preservative
occlusive and emollient
restrict transepidermal water loss, greasy - less cosmetically attractive

Question 4

Lotions?

Answer 4

liquid formulation,

suspension or solution of medication in water, alcohol or other liquids

Question 5

Gel?

Answer 5

thickened aqueous lotions

semi-solids, containing HMW polymers e.g. methylcellulose

Question 6

Pastes

Answer 6

semisolids
contain powdered material e.g. ZNO
stiff to apply
protective, occlusive, hydrating
iften used in cooling, drying, soothing bandages

Question 7

Emolients

Answer 7

Enhance rehydration of epidermis
dry/scaly conditions
300-500g weekly
frequent application needed
can be used as soap subs

Question 8

Describe topical corticosteroids

Answer 8

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antoproliferative

Question 9

Give a mild topical steroid

Answer 9

Hydrocortisone 1%

Question 10

Give a moderate topical steroid

Answer 10

Modrasone, Clobetasone,

Butyrate 0.05%

Question 11

Give a potent topical steroid

Answer 11

Mometasone, betamethasone, valerate 0.1%

Question 12

Give a very potent topical steroid

Answer 12

Clobetasol, proprionate 0.05%

Question 13

What are topical steroids used on?

Answer 13

Eczema, Psoriasis, lichen planus, keloid scars

Question 14

Give 3 side effects of topical steroids

Answer 14

Steroid rosacea
Fixed telangectasia
Perioral dermatits

Question 15

When would you use antiseptics

Answer 15

recurrent infections
antibiotic resistance
wound irrigation

Question 16

Name treatment options for Acne

Answer 16

Clindamycin
erythromycin
tetracycline

Question 17

Rosacea

Answer 17

metronidazole

Question 18

Impetigo

Answer 18

mupirocin, fusidic acid

Question 19

Infected eczema

Answer 19

combined corticosteroid antibacterial (short term)

Question 20

Name a treatment for candida

Answer 20

antiyeast, nystatin, clotrimazole

Question 21

Dermatophytes

Answer 21

antifungal, clotrimazole, terbinafine cream

Question 22

Pityriasis versicolour

Answer 22

Ketaconazole

Question 23

How could you treat psoriasis?

Answer 23

Coal toar, 
vitamin D analogue
Karatolytic
Topical steroid
Dithranol

Question 24

Describe Imiquimod

Answer 24

Imidazoquinoline amine
immune response modulator
enhances innate & cell - mediated immunity
anti viral, anti tumour effcts