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Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What stimulates Vitamin D?

A

Endocrine function of UV

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2
Q

What is the epidermis mainly made up of?

A

maturing squamous cells

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3
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

DEJ

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4
Q

What is the rate of melanocytes to basal cells?

A

1:10

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5
Q

What does the corneal layer consist of?

A

Keratinised cells

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6
Q

What is the granular layer rich in?

A

Keratohyalin granules

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7
Q

Where are the melanocytes found?

A

basal layer

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8
Q

What processes transfer pigment to keratinocytes?

A

Dendritic processes

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9
Q

What types of collagen make up the matrix?

A

Type 1 and 111

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10
Q

What else makes up the dermis?

A

Elastic fibres and ground substances (hyaluronic acid + chondroitin sulphate)

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11
Q

What the papilliary and reticular dermis?

A

Pap = thin, underneath epidermis
Ret = thicker bundles of type 1 collagen
Ret contains appendage structures (sweatglands anf puilosebaceous)

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12
Q

What is epidermis BM made of?

A

laminin and collagen IV

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13
Q

What is papillomatosis?

A

irregular epithelial thickening

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14
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

oedema in epidermis

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15
Q

Parakeratosis?

A

nuclei in keratin layers stay

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16
Q

Hyperkaratosis?

A

thickening of keratin layer

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17
Q

Acanthosis?

A

Increased epithelial thickening

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18
Q

Where does acne effect?

A

Sebaceous gland sites

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19
Q

What makes psoriasis occur?

A

turnover happening too quick and nuclei in the keratin layer

20
Q

Where is sebum produced?

A

Sebaceuos glands

21
Q

Keratin and sebum build up to create what?

A

blackheads

22
Q

what is rosacea?

A

recurrent facial flushing
visible blood vessels
pustules
thickening of skin -rhinophyma

23
Q

What can trigger Rosacea?

A

Sunlight. alcohol, spicy foods, stress

24
Q

Whats the pathologyof rosacea?

A

pathcy inflam wih plasma cells

perifollicular granulomas

25
Q

What do Immunobollous diseases have?

A

They have blisters as primary features.

26
Q

Give 3 examples of Immunobollous diseases

A

Pemhigus
Bollous pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis

27
Q

Describe Pemphigus

A

autoimmune disease where there is loss of integrity of epidermal cell adhesion

28
Q

What antibody is related to Pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG made agaisnt desmoglein 3

29
Q

Explain Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

immune complexes form on cell surface
disruption of desmosomes and activation of protease release.
results in Acantholysis

30
Q

What also occurs in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Lysis of intracellular adhesion sites

31
Q

What antibody is related to Bullous pemphigoid?

A

IgG react with major/minor antigen of hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to basement membrane

32
Q

what happens with older lesion of pemphigoid?

A

they show re-epithelialisation of their floor, mimicking PV

33
Q

What GI disease has an association with Dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Coeliac disease

34
Q

What else is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?

A

HLA-DQ2 haplotype

35
Q

What is the hallmark sign if dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

papillary dermal microabscesses

36
Q

What shows deposits of IgA in dermal papillae?

A

DIF

37
Q

Where do Melanocytic lesions migrate to?

A

skin
uveal tract
leptomeninges

38
Q

What is the MC1R gene?

A

It is a centrally placed gene which encodes MC1R protein which sits on the cell surface. It determines the pigment oft he skin

39
Q

What does Eumelanin do?

A

hair colour other than red

40
Q

What does Phaeomelanin do?

A

causes red hair

41
Q

What does MC1R do?

A

converts phaeomelanin in eumelanin

42
Q

What happens if a) 1 copy and b) 2 copies of the MC1R genes are defective?

A

a) causes freckles

b) red hair and freckles

43
Q

What is an ephiles? (ephilides)?

A

a freckle (freckles)

44
Q

What are Actinic lentigines?

A

liver spots

45
Q

Explain Melanocytic naevi?

A

May be congenital or acquired, can be dysplastic, spitz, blue etc.

Dermatology (18 decks)

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