Cancer

Question 1

What is the 5 year survival of someone who’s melanoma has a Breslow Thickness of >1mm ?

Answer 1

95-100%

Question 2

What is the 5 year survival of someone who’s melanoma has a Breslow Thickness of >4mm ?

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

What is the 5 year survival of someone who’s melanoma has metastases?

Answer 3

5%

Question 4

What rule do you use when trying to diagnose a potential melanoma?

Answer 4

ABCDE rule + Ugly duckling sign
Asymmetry,
Border,
Colour,
Diameter,
Evolution

Question 5

Describe the appearance of a BCC?

Answer 5

pearly (translucent)
central ulceration (rodent ulceration)
scaly plaque,
infiltrative (morphoeic)

Question 6

Describe the appearance of a SCC?

Answer 6

Hyperkeratotic (crusted) lump or ulcer,
may bleed,
Bowen’s disease
Karatoacanthoma (self-resolving)

Question 7

Describe Actinic Keratoses

Answer 7

they are precancerous skin lesions, associated with SCC or BCC

Question 8

What are some risk factors for skin cancer?

Answer 8

sun exposure,
genetic predisposition
immunosuppression
(HPV infection)
coal tar, smoking, tonising radiation, arsenic, trauma, chronic ulceration

Question 9

Which type of skin cancer can come from chronic, cumulative UV-exposure?

Answer 9

SCC

Question 10

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum?

Answer 10

Photo-sensitivity, 
skin cancers on UV-exposed sites,
neurological degeneration,
defect in one of seven nucleotides, 
excision repair (NER) genes (XPA-G)

Question 11

What is Naevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin’s) sydrome

Answer 11

autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome (1 in 57,000)