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Dermatology > Infections of the skin > Flashcards

Infections of the skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What virus causes chickenpox and shingles

A

Varicella/Herpes Zoster Virus

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2
Q

What complications can arise of chickenpox?

A 
secondary bacterial
Pneumonitis
haemorrhagic
scarring, absent or minor
Encephalitis
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3
Q

What can cause neonatal VZV?

A

Secondary to chickenpox in mother in late pregnancy.

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4
Q

What can prevent Neonatal VZV?

A

Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin

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5
Q

Describe shingles

A

Dermatomal distribution

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus

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6
Q

What is opthalmic zoster?

A

Where shingles affects the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Urgent referral is indicated.

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7
Q

If the shingles is covering the mouth/nose region it is covering what region of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

If the shingles is covering the ‘jaw line’ what division of the trigeminal nerve is it covering?

A

mandibular division

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9
Q

Explain Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat.
- poorer prognosis than Bell’s palsy
irritation of the 8th cranial nerve

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10
Q

What can the patient suffer with RHS?

A

deafness
vertigo
tiinitus

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11
Q

What is another name for RHS?

A

Geniculate or otic herpes zoster

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12
Q

Is the chicken pox vaccine live attenuated? True or False

A

True

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13
Q

How effective is the vaccine for shingles in the elderly?

A

decrease in shingles by 38%

decrease in post herpetic neuralgia by 67%

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14
Q

What causes primary gingivostomatitis and what does the patient suffer?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

extensive ulceration in and around the mouth for around a week

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15
Q

Describe what HSV type 1 can cause

A

oral lesions
genital herpes
ecephalitis

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16
Q

Describe what HSV type2 can cause

A

genital herpes,
encephalitis
disseminated infection (neonates especially)

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17
Q

What can be used to treat VZV and HSV?

A

Aciclovir and Guanosine

18
Q

What tests would you carry out?

A

Viral swab

Antibody tests

19
Q

What viruses can cause Erythema multiforme?

A

HSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium

20
Q

What happens with erythema multiforme?

A

Target lesions with erythema, may have drug triggers

21
Q

Describe Molluscum contagiosum

A

fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules (1-2mm in diamteter)
can be sexualy transmitted and take months to dissapear

22
Q

What can be used to treat Molluscum contagiosum?

A

Local application of liquid nitrogen

23
Q

What causes warts

A

Human papilloma virus type 1-4 (there are >80 types)

24
Q

What types of HPV cause genital warts?

A

6 and 11

25
Q

What types of HPV cause cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

26
Q

What types does the vaccine protect against?

A

6, 11, 16 and 18

27
Q

What causes Herpangina ?

A

Enterovirus

coxsackie virus and echovirus

28
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses esp. coxsackie virus

29
Q

What causes eryhtema infectiosum (slapped cheek disease)

A

Parvovirus

30
Q

What complications are associated with parvovirus B19?

A

Spontaneous abortion,
aplastic cries
chronic anaemia (immunosuppressed)

31
Q

What lab test for parvovirus?

A

Parvovirus B19 IgM test

32
Q

What is orf?

A

virus of sheep (scabby mouth)

farmers

33
Q

What is primary infection of Syphilis?

A

Chancre, Painless ulcers at site of entry

34
Q

What is second phase infection of syphilis?

A

red rash over body,
prominent on soles of feet and palms
mucous membrane ‘snail track’ ulcers

35
Q

What is tertiary syphilis?

A

CNS, cardiovascular, gummatous etc

36
Q

What bacterium causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

37
Q

what tests are for syphilis?

A

blood test

swab of chancre for PCR

38
Q

How do you treat syphilis?

A

Penicillin injections

39
Q

Describe Lyme disease?

A

Vector (ticks), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Early erythema migrans and late heart block, nerve palsies and arthritis.

40
Q

How do you treat Lyme disease?

A

Doxycyline or amoxicillin

41
Q

How do you test for Lyme disease?

A

Antigen test

Dermatology (18 decks)

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