Infections of the skin

Question 1

What virus causes chickenpox and shingles

Answer 1

Varicella/Herpes Zoster Virus

Question 2

What complications can arise of chickenpox?

Answer 2

secondary bacterial
Pneumonitis
haemorrhagic
scarring, absent or minor
Encephalitis

Question 3

What can cause neonatal VZV?

Answer 3

Secondary to chickenpox in mother in late pregnancy.

Question 4

What can prevent Neonatal VZV?

Answer 4

Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin

Question 5

Describe shingles

Answer 5

Dermatomal distribution

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus

Question 6

What is opthalmic zoster?

Answer 6

Where shingles affects the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Urgent referral is indicated.

Question 7

If the shingles is covering the mouth/nose region it is covering what region of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 7

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 8

If the shingles is covering the ‘jaw line’ what division of the trigeminal nerve is it covering?

Answer 8

mandibular division

Question 9

Explain Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

Answer 9

Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat.
- poorer prognosis than Bell’s palsy
irritation of the 8th cranial nerve

Question 10

What can the patient suffer with RHS?

Answer 10

deafness
vertigo
tiinitus

Question 11

What is another name for RHS?

Answer 11

Geniculate or otic herpes zoster

Question 12

Is the chicken pox vaccine live attenuated? True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

How effective is the vaccine for shingles in the elderly?

Answer 13

decrease in shingles by 38%

decrease in post herpetic neuralgia by 67%

Question 14

What causes primary gingivostomatitis and what does the patient suffer?

Answer 14

Herpes Simplex Virus

extensive ulceration in and around the mouth for around a week

Question 15

Describe what HSV type 1 can cause

Answer 15

oral lesions
genital herpes
ecephalitis

Question 16

Describe what HSV type2 can cause

Answer 16

genital herpes,
encephalitis
disseminated infection (neonates especially)

Question 17

What can be used to treat VZV and HSV?

Answer 17

Aciclovir and Guanosine

Question 18

What tests would you carry out?

Answer 18

Viral swab

Antibody tests

Question 19

What viruses can cause Erythema multiforme?

Answer 19

HSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium

Question 20

What happens with erythema multiforme?

Answer 20

Target lesions with erythema, may have drug triggers

Question 21

Describe Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 21

fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules (1-2mm in diamteter)
can be sexualy transmitted and take months to dissapear

Question 22

What can be used to treat Molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 22

Local application of liquid nitrogen

Question 23

What causes warts

Answer 23

Human papilloma virus type 1-4 (there are >80 types)

Question 24

What types of HPV cause genital warts?

Answer 24

6 and 11

Question 25

What types of HPV cause cervical cancer?

Answer 25

16 and 18

Question 26

What types does the vaccine protect against?

Answer 26

6, 11, 16 and 18

Question 27

What causes Herpangina ?

Answer 27

Enterovirus | coxsackie virus and echovirus

Question 28

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 28

Enteroviruses esp. coxsackie virus

Question 29

What causes eryhtema infectiosum (slapped cheek disease)

Answer 29

Parvovirus

Question 30

What complications are associated with parvovirus B19?

Answer 30

Spontaneous abortion, aplastic cries chronic anaemia (immunosuppressed)

Question 31

What lab test for parvovirus?

Answer 31

Parvovirus B19 IgM test

Question 32

What is orf?

Answer 32

virus of sheep (scabby mouth) | farmers

Question 33

What is primary infection of Syphilis?

Answer 33

Chancre, Painless ulcers at site of entry

Question 34

What is second phase infection of syphilis?

Answer 34

red rash over body, prominent on soles of feet and palms mucous membrane 'snail track' ulcers

Question 35

What is tertiary syphilis?

Answer 35

CNS, cardiovascular, gummatous etc

Question 36

What bacterium causes syphilis?

Answer 36

Treponema pallidum

Question 37

what tests are for syphilis?

Answer 37

blood test | swab of chancre for PCR

Question 38

How do you treat syphilis?

Answer 38

Penicillin injections

Question 39

Describe Lyme disease?

Answer 39

Vector (ticks), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Early erythema migrans and late heart block, nerve palsies and arthritis.

Question 40

How do you treat Lyme disease?

Answer 40

Doxycyline or amoxicillin

Question 41

How do you test for Lyme disease?

Answer 41

Antigen test