Topic K (Ecology)

Question 1

What is ecology?

Answer 1

The study of organisms and their relationship with each other and the environment

Question 2

What % energy is passed onto the next trophic level?

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

How is energy lost?(5)

Answer 3

1) Uneaten parts
2) Undigested parts
3) Heat produced in respiration
4) Movement
5) Waste products/ Egestion

Question 4

Predator

Answer 4

Something that eats prey

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

A collection of the same species

Question 6

Producer

Answer 6

Something, which produces its own food

Question 7

Quadrat

Answer 7

A square object usually used to sample plant

Question 8

Consumer

Answer 8

Cannot produce its own food and eats other species (plant or animal)

Question 9

Ecosystem

Answer 9

This is made up of all the living organisms and the conditions in which they live

Question 10

Habitat

Answer 10

Where something lives

Question 11

Trophic level

Answer 11

A common feeding stage in a food chain

Question 12

Biological control

Answer 12

When we use one species to control an infestation of another species

Question 13

Carbon cycle

Answer 13

Describes the movement of carbon in an ecosystem

Question 14

Competition

Answer 14

When organism fight for resources we say they are in competition with each other

Question 15

Food chain

Answer 15

Relates what eats what in a lineal fashion

Question 16

Egestion

Answer 16

Removal of faeces

Question 17

Excretion

Answer 17

Removal of waste products of metabolism

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

The chemical reactions that occur in cells

Question 19

Who are primary consumers?

Answer 19

Animals who eat the producers

Question 20

What is dry mass?

Answer 20

Dry mass is everything in the plant or animal except water

Question 21

Why is biomass called this way?

Answer 21

It is made by living organisms

Question 22

Why is dry mass contain?

Answer 22

It is mostly carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Question 23

What % of cow’s food is lost as heat in respiration?

Answer 23

33%

Question 24

What % of cow’s food is energy lost in waste?

Answer 24

63%

Question 25

What % of cow's food is used for growth?

Answer 25

4%

Question 26

How does energy enter the food chain?

Answer 26

Through the sun or light energy

Question 27

How would humans benefit if we were all vegetarians?

Answer 27

More energy would be available for us. Same area would be able to produce food for more people

Question 28

Decay and decomposition

Answer 28

The process of recycling the nutrients

Question 29

List the two types organisms that decompose food?

Answer 29

Detritivores and Decomposers

Question 30

Describe how Detritivores eat,digest and what happens to the nutrients

Answer 30

EAT: Dead material DIGEST: Internally NUTRIENTS: Returned to the soil

Question 31

Describe how Decomposers eat,digest and what happens to the nutrients

Answer 31

EAT: Secrete enzymes onto dead matter DIGEST: Externally NUTRIENTS: Absorb nutrients over surface

Question 32

Give an example of a Detritivore (2)

Answer 32

Earthworms, maggots

Question 33

Give an example of a Decomposer (2)

Answer 33

Bacteria, fungi

Question 34

Under what conditions will the process of decay occur faster? (3)

Answer 34

Warm, moist, oxygen-rich environment

Question 35

What type of nutrition do decomposers have?

Answer 35

Saprotrophic

Question 36

How often can bacteria reproduce in ideal conditions?

Answer 36

Reproduce in 2 every 20 minutes

Question 37

What are the three types of bacteria?

Answer 37

1) Cocci (Spheres) 2) Bacilli (Rods) 3) Spirilli (Spirals)

Question 38

What are the three types of nutrition

Answer 38

1) Autotrophic 2) Heterotrophic 3) Saprotrophic

Question 39

Autotrophs

Answer 39

Organisms that synthesise their own food

Question 40

Heterotrophs

Answer 40

Organisms that eat other organisms

Question 41

Saprotrophs

Answer 41

Digest and absorb dead material externally

Question 42

Example of an Autotroph

Answer 42

Green plant

Question 43

Example of a Heterotroph

Answer 43

Herbivores, carnivores

Question 44

Example of a Saprotroph

Answer 44

Decomposers

Question 45

What three biological substances contain carbon?

Answer 45

1) Proteins 2) Fats 3) Sugars

Question 46

In what format carbon is present in the atmosphere?

Answer 46

CO2

Question 47

What is the only way carbon leaves the atmosphere?

Answer 47

Plant in photosynthesis

Question 48

How CO2 enter the atmosphere (4)

Answer 48

1) Respiration of plants 2) Respiration of animals 3) Respiration of decomposers 4) Combustion of fossil fuels

Question 49

How does carbon from the plant gets into the animals?

Answer 49

By feeding

Question 50

How does sulfur dioxide appear in the atmosphere?

Answer 50

From burning the fossil fuels with impurities

Question 51

How is sulfur dioxide converted into acid rain?

Answer 51

It mixes with water in the clouds

Question 52

What are the main causes of acid rain? (2)

Answer 52

1) Power stations 2) Internal combustion engines

Question 53

What does acid rain damage? (2)

Answer 53

Trees, lakes

Question 54

Eutrophication

Answer 54

The enrichment of a water body with nutrients, usually with an excess amount of nutrients.

Question 55

Explain how eutrophication happens

Answer 55

1) Fertiliser is sprayed 2) Rain 3) Leaching of mineral ions including nitrates 4) Algae appear on the water's surface 5) Bacteria respire using O2 6) Dead fish

Question 56

What are the four main affects of deforestation?

Answer 56

1) Leaching 2) Soil erosion 3) Water cycle 4) balance of CO2 and O2

Question 57

What is leaching?

Answer 57

Nutrients being washed away by water

Question 58

Why is leaching bad?

Answer 58

Infertile soil is left behind as trees do not take them up

Question 59

What is soil erosion?

Answer 59

Soil being washed away, as there are no roots to hold it

Question 60

Why is soil erosion bad?

Answer 60

Leaves infertile soil

Question 61

How does deforestation disturb the water cycle? (2)

Answer 61

1) Trees stop water reaching rivers too quickly 2) Make local climates drier

Question 62

What can deforestation lead to?

Answer 62

Flooding

Question 63

How does deforestation disturb the balance of CO2 and O2? (2)

Answer 63

Trees convert CO2 in O2. Carbon is stored in them. When they are turned the carbon is released into the atmosphere, which causes global warming