Topic C (Diet and Digestion)

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Biological catalysts, which speed up the reactions, without being used themselves

Question 2

What are enzymes made out of?

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

Part of an enzyme. It is shaped to fit its substrate

Question 4

Substrate

Answer 4

The molecule the enzyme acts on

Question 5

How many different substrates can one type of enzyme have effect on?

Answer 5

Only one, the shape of the active site is shaped so only one type of substrate can be fitted in

Question 6

What is the best conditions at which enzymes work called?

Answer 6

Optimum conditions

Question 7

What factors affect the rate of work of enzymes (2)

Answer 7

1) pH

2) Temperature

Question 8

How does temperature affect the rate of work of enzymes

Answer 8

It changes the amount of energy available, changes number of collisions, until the temperature is to big and the enzyme is denatured

Question 9

At what temperature do enzymes work best?

Answer 9

At an optimum temperature, which is different to all enzymes

Question 10

What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?

Answer 10

Its active site is damaged therefore the substrate can’t fit into

Question 11

What can denature enzymes?

Answer 11

pH and Temperature

Question 12

How does concentration affect the rate of reaction between enzymes and substrates

Answer 12

As the concentration increases there are more particles to react with, therefore the rate increases

Question 13

What is the function of protein?

Answer 13

Growth and repair

Question 14

Where can protein be found

Answer 14

Meat, fish, eggs, legumes

Question 15

What are legumes?

Answer 15

Peas and beans

Question 16

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Needed to release energy in cells

Question 17

Where can carbohydrates be found?

Answer 17

Rice, bread, pasta, potatoes

Question 18

What is the function of fat?

Answer 18

Insulation, maintain body temperature, protect organs from damage

Question 19

Where can fat be found?

Answer 19

Oil, milk (products), nuts, oily fish

Question 20

What is the function of Vitamin A?

Answer 20

Helps cells to grow and help eyes to see in poor light conditions

Question 21

Where can Vitamin A be found?

Answer 21

Liver, vegetables, butter, fish, oil, milk

Question 22

What is the function of Vitamin B?

Answer 22

Keep the nervous system working

Question 23

Where can Vitamin B be found?

Answer 23

Meat, eggs, vegetables, milk, fish

Question 24

What disease can a person get without having enough Protein in his diet?

Answer 24

Kwashiorkor: weight loss, poor muscle growth, swollen stomach

Question 25

What disease can a person get without having enough Carbohydrates in his diet?

Answer 25

Weight loss, lack of energy

Question 26

What disease can a person get without having enough Fat in his diet?

Answer 26

Weight loss, failure to maintain body temperature

Question 27

What disease can a person get without having enough Vitamin A in his diet?

Answer 27

Night blindness, damaged cornea of eye

Question 28

What disease can a person get without having enough Vitamin B in his diet?

Answer 28

Beri Beri: leg muscle are unable to grow properly

Question 29

What is the function of Vitamin C?

Answer 29

Health skin and gums

Question 30

Where can Vitamin C be found?

Answer 30

Citrus fruit and green vegetables

Question 31

What disease can a person get without having enough Vitamin C in his diet?

Answer 31

Scurvy: bleeding gums and wounds do not heal properly

Question 32

What in the function of Calcium?

Answer 32

Strong teeth + bones, involbed in clotting of blood

Question 33

Where can Calcium be found?

Answer 33

Milk, eggs

Question 34

What disease can a person get without having enough Calcium in his diet?

Answer 34

Rickets: Osteoporosis

Question 35

What is the function of Iron?

Answer 35

Making hemoglobin in RBC

Question 36

Where can Iron be found?

Answer 36

Meat and Spinach

Question 37

What disease can a person get without having enough Iron in his diet?

Answer 37

Anaemia

Question 38

What is the function of fiber (cellulose)

Answer 38

Adds bulk to food so it can be easily moved

Question 39

Where can cellulose be found?

Answer 39

Cell walls of plants

Question 40

What disease can a person get without having enough fiber?

Answer 40

Constipation, colitis, bowel cancer

Question 41

What are carbohydrates made out of?

Answer 41

Simple sugars

Question 42

What atoms do carbohydrate molecules contain?

Answer 42

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon

Question 43

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 43

Amino acids

Question 44

What atoms to proteins contain?

Answer 44

Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 45

What are lipids made out of?

Answer 45

Fatty acids, glycerol

Question 46

What atoms do lipids made out of?

Answer 46

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 47

What is the name for test for glucose?

Answer 47

Benedict's test

Question 48

How to carry out the test for glucose?

Answer 48

Add Benedict's solution + heat, make sure the solution doesn't boil - a colored precipitate will be formeed

Question 49

What is the color of Benedict's solution?

Answer 49

Blue

Question 50

What is the change in color of precipitate in the test for glucose?

Answer 50

Blue-->Green-->Yellow-->Orange-->Brick Red

Question 51

What can the color change tell?

Answer 51

How much glucose (relative) there is

Question 52

Why molecules like starch, proteins, fats have to be broken down? (2)

Answer 52

Too bog to pass through the walls of digestive system, insoluble

Question 53

What enzyme is used for breaking down of Starch?

Answer 53

Amylase

Question 54

What enzyme is used for breaking down of Maltose?

Answer 54

Maltase

Question 55

What enzyme is used for breaking down of Proteins?

Answer 55

Amino Acids

Question 56

What enzyme is used for breaking down of Lipids?

Answer 56

Lipase

Question 57

What is the product of breaking down of Starch?

Answer 57

Maltose

Question 58

What is the product of breaking down of Maltose?

Answer 58

Glucose

Question 59

What is the product of breaking down of Protein?

Answer 59

Amino Acids

Question 60

What is the product of breaking down of Lipids?

Answer 60

Glycerol, Fatty acids

Question 61

Where is bile produced?

Answer 61

Liver

Question 62

Where is bile stored?

Answer 62

Gall bladder

Question 63

Where is bile released to?

Answer 63

Small intestine

Question 64

Why is bile needed?(2)

Answer 64

1) To neutralize the hydrochloric acid, which enters the intestine in order to provide the optimum pH for the enzymes 2) Emulsify fat

Question 65

Emulsification of fat. Why needed?

Answer 65

Breaking down fat into tiny droplets. To make a greater surface area for the enzymes to break down

Question 66

What happens in Mouth?(2)

Answer 66

1) Salivary grands produce amylase enzyme in the saliva | 2) Teeth break down food(mechanically)

Question 67

What is Oesophagus?

Answer 67

Muscular tube, connects mouth and stomach

Question 68

How is the food transported in Oesophagus?

Answer 68

By peristalsis

Question 69

What is produced in the liver?

Answer 69

Bile

Question 70

What is stored in the Gall bladder?

Answer 70

Bile

Question 71

What happens in Stomach?(3)

Answer 71

1) Pummels the food with muscular walls 2) Produces protease enzyme (pepsin) 3) Produced HCl

Question 72

What are the 2 reasons for the stomach producing HCl?

Answer 72

1) Kill bacteria 2) Give the right pH for protease enzyme

Question 73

What is the pH for HCl?

Answer 73

2

Question 74

What does Pancreas produce?

Answer 74

Protease, amylase and lipase enzymes

Question 75

Where are the enzymes from Pancreas released?

Answer 75

Small intestine

Question 76

What does Large intestine do?

Answer 76

Adsorbs the excess water from the food

Question 77

What happens in small intestine?

Answer 77

Nutrients are absorbed

Question 78

Peristalsis

Answer 78

The movement of an object along the muscular tube, when the muscles behind it contract and in front of it relax

Question 79

Stages of Digestion(5)

Answer 79

1) Ingestion 2) Digestion 3) Absorption 4) Assimilation 5) Egestion

Question 80

Ingestion

Answer 80

Putting food/drink into mouth

Question 81

Two types of digestion

Answer 81

1) Mechanical 2) Chemical

Question 82

Digestion

Answer 82

The break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 83

What carries out mechanical digestion?

Answer 83

Teeth, stomach muscles

Question 84

What carries out chemical digestion?

Answer 84

Enzymes

Question 85

Absorption

Answer 85

Moving molecules through the walls of the intestines into blood

Question 86

Assimilation

Answer 86

When digested molecule becomes part of the cell

Question 87

Egestion

Answer 87

Removing the waste products from the body

Question 88

Where is Villi located?

Answer 88

Small intestine

Question 89

How is the small intestine adapted for adsorbing the food? (4)

Answer 89

1) Long 2) Big surface area because of villi 3) Villi have a singles permeable layer of surface cells 4) Blood supply

Question 90

Advantages of good blood supply to villi?

Answer 90

Increases absorption speed