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Biology > Topic B (Breathing and Gas Exchange) > Flashcards

Topic B (Breathing and Gas Exchange) Flashcards

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1
Q

Breathing

A

Movement carried out by muscle to draw air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Gas exchange

A

The process of exchanging gases between the air in the lungs and the bloodstream

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until an equilibrium is reached. In a fluid

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4
Q

Respiration

A

The chemical reaction taking place in all living cells to release energy from glucose

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5
Q

What is the percentage of Nitrogen gas in the inhaled/exhaled air?

A

78/78

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6
Q

What is the percentage of Oxygen gas in the inhaled/exhaled air?

A

21/18

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7
Q

What is the percentage of Carbon dioxide gas in the inhaled/exhaled air?

A

0.04/4

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8
Q

What is the percentage of Water vapour in the inhaled/exhaled air?

A

little/more

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9
Q

What is the function of Diaphragm

A

Increases the volume of the chest cavity when it contracts during inhalation

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10
Q

What is the function of Cartilage rings

A

Keep airways open during breathing

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11
Q

What is the function of Cilia and mucus

A

Trap dust

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12
Q

What is the function of Intercostal muscles

A

Make the rib cage move out when they contract

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13
Q

What is the function of Pleural membrane

A

Keep the chest cavity air tight

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14
Q

What is the function of Alveoli and ends of bronchi

A

Allow gaseous exchange to occur

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15
Q

What happens when I breathe in? (5 including changes in pressure)

A

1) The external intercostal contract moving the ribs upwards and outwards
2) The diaphragm contracts and flattens
3) Volume in the thorax has increased, causing the pressure in there to decrease
4) Pressure in the lungs is lower than outside
5) Causes air to rush into the lungs

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16
Q

What happens when I breathe out? (5 including changes in pressure)

A

1) The external intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribs to move back down
2) The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original shape. This means it pushes up on the lungs
3) Volume in the thorax has decreased, causing the pressure to increase
4) Pressure outside is now lower than in the lungs
5) Causes the air to rush out

17
Q

Adaptations of lungs for gaseous exchange (4)

A

1) Alveoli have a large surface area 2) Alveoli and capillaries have a 1 cell thick wall 3) Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries 4) Thin film of water on inside of alveoli

18
Q

Where are Pleural membranes?

A

Around the lungs

19
Q

Where are Cartilage rings?

A

In the trachea

20
Q

Where is Larynx?

A

At the top of the trachea

21
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment, achieved by pressure changes in the thorax

22
Q

Adaptations of the lungs for ventilation (3)

A

1) Elastic tissue 2) Cartilage rings in trachea 3) Air tight thorax

23
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide down concentration gradient occurs in capillaries, lungs and organs

24
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Blood that has a high oxygen concentration, just come out of alveolus

25
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Blood that has a low oxygen concentration, just entering alveolus

26
Q

Haemoglobin

A

RBC’s full of them, binds with oxygen (carbon monoxide if the person is a smoker) to carry it around the body

27
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Poisonous gas, binds to haemoglobin preventing oxygen binding, stops oxygen being carried around the body

28
Q

Carcinogenic

A

Cancer causing agent

29
Q

Tar

A

Forms in lungs as tabacco smoke cools

30
Q

Nicotine

A

VERY ADDICTIVE, makes RBC stick together causing clots, damages coronary arteries

31
Q

Passive smokers

A

People who inhale smoke accidentally

32
Q

List smoke related diseases (4)

A

1) Heart disease 2) Bronchitis 3) Emphysema 4) Cancer

33
Q

Why Heart disease is related to smoking?

A

CO increases fatty deposits in the coronary arteries

34
Q

Why Bronchitis is related to smoking?

A

Smoke and tar irritate the bronchi resulting in a ‘smokers cough’

35
Q

Why Emphysema is related to smoking?

A

Smoking and coughing damages alveoli resulting in a much smaller surface area for gas exchange

36
Q

Why Cancer is related to smoking?

A

Because of carcinogenic chemicals in smoke

37
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of airways, as the mucas is not being moved

38
Q

Emphysema

A

Loss of elasticity in the alveoli causing breathlessness

Biology (13 decks)

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