Topic A (Cells and Classification) Flashcards
What are the five kingdoms?
1) Protoctist
2) Bacteria
3) Animals
4) Plants
5) Fungi
The animals kingdom split into to
1) Vertebrates
2) Invertebrates
Vertebrates
An category in animal kingdom with animals, which HAVE a backbone
Invertebrates
An category in animal kingdom with animals, which DON’T HAVE a backbone
Vertebrates split into 5 more categories
1) Birds
2) Mammals
3) Fish
4) Amphibians
5) Reptiles
Features of Birds (4)
1) Feathers
2) Constant body temperature
3) Lungs
4) Eggs with hard shell
Features Mammals (4)
1) Hair/Fur
2) Constant body temperature
3) Lungs
4) Live young
Features of Fish (4)
1) Scales
2) Variable body temperature
3) Gills
4) Eggs in water
Features of Amphibians (4)
1) Moist skin
2) Variable body temperature
3) Lungs
4) Eggs in water
Features of reptiles (4)
1) Scales
2) Variable body temperature
3) Lungs
4) Eggs with hard shell
List 7 group names staring with bigger groups
1) Kingdom
2) Phylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family
6) Genus
7) Species
Which letter do I use to write down Species?
SMALL
Describe cells in a plant
Multicellular
What are the cell walls in a plant made out of?
Cellulose
What are carbohydrates stored as in a plant?
Starch or sucrose
Describe cells in an animal
Multicellular
What is the name of coordinating system, which allows movement in an animal?
Nervous
What are carbohydrates stores as in an animal?
Glycogen
Describe cells in a bacteria
Unicellular
What important part in absent from bacteria?
Nucleus
What kingdom doesn’t have DNA?
Bacteria
Unicellular
An organism made up of one single cell
Multicellular
An organism made up of more than one cell
Autotrophic
An organism that is able to produce its own food
Saprotrophic
An organism that feeds on dead or decaying material
Heterotrophic
An organism that feed on other organisms
Pathogen
An organism which causes disease
Give examples of what can be a pathogen (4)
1) Bacteria
2) Fungi
3) Protoctists
4) Virus
Virus
Non living particle. It is only active inside cells of other living organisms
What do animal and plant cell have in common? (4)
1) Nucleus
2) Cell membrane
3) Cytoplasm
4) Mitochondrion
What do animal and plant cell have different?
1) Vacuole (plant)
2) Chloroplast (plant)
3) Cell wall (plant)
Which layer is cell membrane?
Inner layer
Nucleus (2)
1) Contains DNA
2) Controls the cell
Cell membrane
Controls the entry and exit to and from the cell
Mitochondrion
Releases energy
Cytoplasm
Site of cell reactions
Vacuole (2)
Stores water and maintains shape
Cell wall
Provides protection and support
Chloroplast (2)
1) Contains chlorophyll
2) Site of photosynthesis
Give a kingdom and an example for:
A unicellular with a nucleus cell with temporary vacuoles
Protoctist - Amoeba
Give a kingdom for:
An extremely small, with no actual structures, protein coat and DNA
Virus
Give a kingdom and an example for:
Chitin cell walls, cell membrane, nucleus
Fungi - Yeast
Give a kingdom for:
Plasmid DNA, cell wall, cell membrane, circular chromosome
Bacteria
Adaptations of a red blood cell (3)
1) Large surface area - biconcave disk
2) Thin membrane
3) No nucleus
Why Large surface area is an important adaptation for red blood cells?
To absorb and release as much oxygen as possible
Why Thin membrane is an important adaptation for red blood cells?
Flexible, to squeeze through narrow capillaries
Why no nucleus is an important adaptation for red blood cells?
No nucleus, so more haemoglobin can fit
Adaptations of sperm cell (3)
1) Tail
2) Release dissolving enzymes from the tip of the head
3) Contain many mitochondria
Haploid
Contain half of the DNA
Why Tail is an important adaptation for a sperm cell?
Moves itself to the egg
Why releasing enzymes is an important adaptation for a sperm cell?
Digest the pathway into the egg cell
Why many mitochondria is an important adaptation for a sperm cell?
Releases as much energy as possible to move quicker
Adaptation of cilia?
Continually flicker and move
Why movement of cilia is an important adaptation for a ciliated cell?
They can move mucus, dirt out of the lungs
Why ciliated cells located in the trachea?
Keep it clear
Why ciliated cells located in the oviducts?
Move the egg
Adaptations of Mesophyll cells? (2)
1) Contain lots of chloroplast
2) Positioned in the upper part of the leaf
Why chloroplast is an important adaptation for a mesophyll cell?
Can produce own food by photosynthesis
Why positioning in the upper part of the leaf is an important adaptation for a mesophyll cell?
Can absorb maximum sunlight
List 7 features of a living organism
Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Nutrition
Arrange units of matter from smallest to largest (7)
Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System
Give an example of an Atom
Hydrogen
Give an example of a Molecule
Water
Give an example of an Organelle
Nucleus
Give an example of a Cell
Red blood cell
Give an example of a Tissue
Muscle
Give an example of an Organ
Brain
Give an example of an Organ System
Digestive system
Atom
Smallest unit of matter, not changed by chemical reactions
Molecule
Group of atoms bonded together, changed by chemical reactions
Organelle
Part of a cell, performs a function in a cell
Cell
Smallest part that can do all the basic activities of life
Tissue
A group of similar cells all doing one job
Organ
Significant part of the body, made of several tissues, performs a job for the body
Organ systems
Group of organs performing a major job for the body
Respiration
Obtaining energy from food, occurs in all cells all the time, a chemical reaction
Equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 to 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Growth
Irreversible increase of mass
Excretion
Getting rid of waste products
Reproduction
Generation of new individuals
Movement
The act of moving from one position to another
Sensitivity
The ability to respond to a stimulus
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O in the presence of light to C6H12O6 + O2
