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Biology > Topic H (Reproduction) > Flashcards

Topic H (Reproduction) Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

A receptor detects a change and a mechanism brings the level to normal, however it goes over it and another mechanism brings the level back, it goes over again

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3
Q

Which nervous or hormonal response is more rapid?

A

Nervous

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4
Q

Which nervous or hormonal response is widespread?

A

Hormonal control

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5
Q

Where is insulin released from?

A

Pancreas β cells

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6
Q

What effect does insulin have?

A

Lowers blood glucose

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7
Q

Where is Adrenalin released from?

A

Adrenal gland

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8
Q

What effect does Adrenalin have on the body?

A

Pale skin, deeper + rapid breathing, glycogen in muscles converted to glucose

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9
Q

Where is Oestrogen released from?

A

Ovaries

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10
Q

What effect does Oestrogen has on the body?

A

secondary sexual characteristics (female) + thickens uterine lining

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11
Q

Where is Testosterone released from?

A

Testis

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12
Q

What effect does Testosterone have on the body?

A

secondary sexual characteristics (male) + sperm production

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13
Q

Where is Progesterone released from?

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

What effect does Progesterone have on the body?

A

Maintains uterine lining

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15
Q

What does ADH stand for?

A

Anti- Diuretic hormone

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16
Q

Where is ADH released from?

A

Pituitary gland

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17
Q

What effect does ADH have on the body?

A

Osmoregulation

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18
Q

Scrotum

A

Strong sac of skin enclosing the testes

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19
Q

Epididymis

A

Muscular tube in which sperm stored and activated

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20
Q

Testes

A

Site of sperm production

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21
Q

Penis

A

Erectile organ - transfer sperm into vagina

22
Q

Urethra

A

Tube through which semen and urine leaves the body

23
Q

Sperm duct

A

Tube through which ejaculated sperm passes before going into urethra

24
Q

Prostate gland

A

Adds lubrication secretion to sperm to form semen

25
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Adds nourishing secretion to sperm to form semen

26
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine

27
Q

Ureter

A

Tube linking bladder and kidney

28
Q

Vulva

A

Opening to the reproductive and urinary systems

29
Q

Vagina

A

Muscular tube where sperm is disposed

30
Q

What does urethra carry?

A

Urine + Semen

31
Q

Cervix

A

Ring of muscle restricting opening into uterus

32
Q

Uterus

A

Very muscular organ in which embryo implants and fetus grows

33
Q

Oviduct

A

Usual site of fertilization

34
Q

Ovary

A

Site of egg (ovum) production

35
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics for women? (4)

A

1) Extra hair growth on underarms and pubic area 2) Hips widen 3) Development of breasts 4) Ovum release - start of periods

36
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics for men? (5)

A

1) Extra hair growth 2) Muscles develop 3) Penis and testicles enlarge 4) Sperm production 5) Voice deepens

37
Q

How many stages are there in menstrual cycle?

A

4

38
Q

What happens in stage one of a menstrual cycle?

A

The uterus lining breaks down

39
Q

How long for does the uterus lining break down during the first stage of a menstrual cycle?

A

4 days

40
Q

On what day does stage one of the menstrual cycle start?

A

Day 1

41
Q

What happens in stage two of a menstrual cycle?

A

The uterus lining builds up again, ready to receive a fertilized ovum

42
Q

On what day does stage two of the menstrual cycle start?

A

Day 4 - Day 14

43
Q

What happens in stage three of a menstrual cycle?

A

On ovum develops and is released from the ovary

44
Q

On what day does stage three of the menstrual cycle start?

A

Day 14

45
Q

What happens in stage four of a menstrual cycle?

A

The walls are maintained

46
Q

How long for are the walls maintained in stage four of fertilization?

A

About 14 days until day 28

47
Q

What happens if no fertilization occurred during stage 4?

A

The lining breaks down and the cycle starts again

48
Q

What does the sperm cell passes through after leaving the penis?

A

Vagina → Cervix → Uterus → Oviduct

49
Q

What does placenta provide for the foetus?

A

Gas exchange surface + nutrients exchange

50
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

Forms a fluid filled sack around the foetus which acts as a shock absorber

Biology (13 decks)

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