Topic H (Reproduction)

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Negative feedback

Answer 2

A receptor detects a change and a mechanism brings the level to normal, however it goes over it and another mechanism brings the level back, it goes over again

Question 3

Which nervous or hormonal response is more rapid?

Answer 3

Nervous

Question 4

Which nervous or hormonal response is widespread?

Answer 4

Hormonal control

Question 5

Where is insulin released from?

Answer 5

Pancreas β cells

Question 6

What effect does insulin have?

Answer 6

Lowers blood glucose

Question 7

Where is Adrenalin released from?

Answer 7

Adrenal gland

Question 8

What effect does Adrenalin have on the body?

Answer 8

Pale skin, deeper + rapid breathing, glycogen in muscles converted to glucose

Question 9

Where is Oestrogen released from?

Answer 9

Ovaries

Question 10

What effect does Oestrogen has on the body?

Answer 10

secondary sexual characteristics (female) + thickens uterine lining

Question 11

Where is Testosterone released from?

Answer 11

Testis

Question 12

What effect does Testosterone have on the body?

Answer 12

secondary sexual characteristics (male) + sperm production

Question 13

Where is Progesterone released from?

Answer 13

Ovaries

Question 14

What effect does Progesterone have on the body?

Answer 14

Maintains uterine lining

Question 15

What does ADH stand for?

Answer 15

Anti- Diuretic hormone

Question 16

Where is ADH released from?

Answer 16

Pituitary gland

Question 17

What effect does ADH have on the body?

Answer 17

Osmoregulation

Question 18

Scrotum

Answer 18

Strong sac of skin enclosing the testes

Question 19

Epididymis

Answer 19

Muscular tube in which sperm stored and activated

Question 20

Testes

Answer 20

Site of sperm production

Question 21

Penis

Answer 21

Erectile organ - transfer sperm into vagina

Question 22

Urethra

Answer 22

Tube through which semen and urine leaves the body

Question 23

Sperm duct

Answer 23

Tube through which ejaculated sperm passes before going into urethra

Question 24

Prostate gland

Answer 24

Adds lubrication secretion to sperm to form semen

Question 25

Seminal vesicle

Answer 25

Adds nourishing secretion to sperm to form semen

Question 26

Bladder

Answer 26

Stores urine

Question 27

Ureter

Answer 27

Tube linking bladder and kidney

Question 28

Vulva

Answer 28

Opening to the reproductive and urinary systems

Question 29

Vagina

Answer 29

Muscular tube where sperm is disposed

Question 30

What does urethra carry?

Answer 30

Urine + Semen

Question 31

Cervix

Answer 31

Ring of muscle restricting opening into uterus

Question 32

Uterus

Answer 32

Very muscular organ in which embryo implants and fetus grows

Question 33

Oviduct

Answer 33

Usual site of fertilization

Question 34

Ovary

Answer 34

Site of egg (ovum) production

Question 35

What are secondary sexual characteristics for women? (4)

Answer 35

1) Extra hair growth on underarms and pubic area 2) Hips widen 3) Development of breasts 4) Ovum release - start of periods

Question 36

What are secondary sexual characteristics for men? (5)

Answer 36

1) Extra hair growth 2) Muscles develop 3) Penis and testicles enlarge 4) Sperm production 5) Voice deepens

Question 37

How many stages are there in menstrual cycle?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

What happens in stage one of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 38

The uterus lining breaks down

Question 39

How long for does the uterus lining break down during the first stage of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 39

4 days

Question 40

On what day does stage one of the menstrual cycle start?

Answer 40

Day 1

Question 41

What happens in stage two of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 41

The uterus lining builds up again, ready to receive a fertilized ovum

Question 42

On what day does stage two of the menstrual cycle start?

Answer 42

Day 4 - Day 14

Question 43

What happens in stage three of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 43

On ovum develops and is released from the ovary

Question 44

On what day does stage three of the menstrual cycle start?

Answer 44

Day 14

Question 45

What happens in stage four of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 45

The walls are maintained

Question 46

How long for are the walls maintained in stage four of fertilization?

Answer 46

About 14 days until day 28

Question 47

What happens if no fertilization occurred during stage 4?

Answer 47

The lining breaks down and the cycle starts again

Question 48

What does the sperm cell passes through after leaving the penis?

Answer 48

Vagina → Cervix → Uterus → Oviduct

Question 49

What does placenta provide for the foetus?

Answer 49

Gas exchange surface + nutrients exchange

Question 50

Amniotic fluid

Answer 50

Forms a fluid filled sack around the foetus which acts as a shock absorber