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Biology > Topic J (Transport) > Flashcards

Topic J (Transport) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Movement of particles form high concentration to low concentration until it reaches an equilibrium

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2
Q

Define Osmosis

A

The movement of particles from high water potential to low water potential across a PARTIALLY permeable membrane

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3
Q

How would the mass of a potato chip change if it is going to be put into a low concentrated solution?

A

It will increase as the water will move from the beaker into the chip, because the beaker has a higher water potential

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4
Q

How would the mass of a potato chip change if it is going to be put into a high concentrated solution?

A

It will decrease, as the water will move from the potato chip into the beaker because the chip has a higher water potential than the beaker

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5
Q

Why some potato chips didn’t change their mass in an osmosis experiment

A

Because there was an equilibrium between the water potentials in the potato chip and the beaker

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6
Q

What do DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS have in common?

A

They are both passive processes - do not require energy

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7
Q

Define Active Transport

A

Movement of particles against their concentration gradient. This process requires energy obtained from cell respiration

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8
Q

Which type of respiration releases more energy?

A

Aerobic Respiration

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9
Q

Give examples for Active transport

A

1) Plants taking up mineral ions in root hair cells from soil
2) Glucose in villus

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10
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry the blood away from the heart

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11
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry the blood towards the heart

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12
Q

What is an atria? Which part of the heart are they located?

A

Collecting chamber. Top

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13
Q

What is a ventricle? Which part of the heart are they located?

A

Pumping chamber. Bottom

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14
Q

Which vein carries the blood FROM the BODY into the HEART?

A

Vena cava

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15
Q

Which artery carries the blood FROM the HEART to the BODY

A

Aorta

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16
Q

What is the name of the vein and the artery which carries the blood between LUNGS

A

Pulmonary

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17
Q

Describe the features like (WALLS, CARRY BLOOD FROM WHERE TO WHERE, OXYGENATION, PRESSURE, VALVES in ARTERIES)

A

WALLS: Thick and muscular
FROM…TO: Away from the heart
OXYGENATION: oxygenated except pulmonary artery
BLOOD PRESSURE: High pressure, because of muscle contraction
NO VALVES

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18
Q

Describe the features like (WALLS, CARRY BLOOD FROM WHERE TO WHERE, OXYGENATION, PRESSURE, VALVES in CAPILLARIES)

A

WALLS: Really thin, can be only seen under a microscope
FROM…TO: Arteries to veins
OXYGENATION: Oxygenated at artery end and dioxygenated at veinus end
BLOOD PRESSURE: low
NO VALVES

19
Q

Describe the features like (WALLS, CARRY BLOOD FROM WHERE TO WHERE, OXYGENATION, PRESSURE, VALVES) in VEINS

A 
WALLS: Small muscular + elastic fibres
FROM...TO:  Towards the heart
OXYGENATION: Dioxygenated except pulmonary vein
BLOOD PRESSURE: Low
VALVES are present
20
Q

What are the three parts in blood?

A

Liquid, Red blood cells, Solid part (Other cells)

21
Q

What shape do red blood cells have and why is it significant?

A

Biconcave, It increases the surface area, therefore increases the rate of diffusion

22
Q

What are the solid parts in blood?

A

Platelets, Phagocytes, Lymphocytes

23
Q

How is Phagocyte adapted to its main function

A

It has a lobbed nucleus which allows the cell to change shape and surround the bacteria in order to digest it

24
Q

Why is blood clotting important?

A

To prevent blood loss and entry of bacteria

25
Q

How does clotting work?

A

The red blood cells get trapped in the threads. This forms a blood clot

26
Q

What is plasma made out of?

A

90% water, 10% dissolved substances (!solutes)

27
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the plasma?

A 
Carry food (glucose + amino acids)
Carry enzymes, hormones and antibodies
Carry urea from liver to kidneys
Contain soluble fibrinogen involving in blood clotting
Transport heat
28
Q

Why is CO so dangerous?

A

Combines with haemoglobin permanently, so preventing the pick up of oxygen

29
Q

Why is tissue fluid formation essential for the functioning of the cells?

A

Provides tissue with substances which are needed for the cell functioning without on relying on diffusion alone

30
Q

Which substances are needed by the cells? (4)

A

Oxygen, glucose, hormones, amino acids

31
Q

Which substances are produced by the cells? (3)

A

Energy, CO2, uria

32
Q

Give 2 differences between blood and tissue fluid

A

Doesn’t contain red blood cells

Moves passively in lymph vessels

33
Q

What eventually happens to the fluid draining into the lymph vessels?

A

Drains into the blood around chest level then vena cava then heart

34
Q

Which vein and artery carries the blood FROM the HEART into the LIVER?

A

Hepatic

35
Q

Which artery carries the blood FROM the HEART into the INTESTINES?

A

Intestinal Artery

36
Q

Which vein carries the blood FROM the INTESTINES into the LIVER?

A

Hepatic portal vein

37
Q

Which vein and artery carries the blood FROM the HEART into the KIDNEYS?

A

Renal

38
Q

Which vein and artery carries the blood FROM the HEART into the LEGS?

A

Femoral

39
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease caused by an organism or a particle

40
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Something which causes an immune response (particle, protein)

41
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Specific protein which ‘neutralises’ antigen or pathogen

42
Q

What is a Phagocyte?

A

A type of white blood cells that digest pathogens. ‘Activates’ lymphocytes

43
Q

What are memory cells?

A

immune cells that remain after an illness in order to produce antibodies of that type.

Biology (13 decks)

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