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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 3 > Topic 98 - Diseases of farm animals caused by staphylococci (rabbit, swine, poultry) (GREEN) > Flashcards

Topic 98 - Diseases of farm animals caused by staphylococci (rabbit, swine, poultry) (GREEN) Flashcards

1
Q

What is disease caused by staphylococci?

A

A common gram positive bacteria causing either local or systemic infections, depending on the site of entry in several animal species

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2
Q

Name staphylococci diseases that causes systemic infections:

A
  1. Morels disease in sheep
  2. staphylococci disease in rabbits
  3. staphylococci infection in birds
  4. Exudative dermatitis in swine
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3
Q

What is the morels disease?

A

It is a chronic disease causing sporadic infection in endemic areas, mostly seen in sheep causing abscesses and fistulas

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4
Q

Causative agent of morels disease:

A

staphylococci aureus subspecies anaerobius

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5
Q

Host and age susceptible of morel disease:

A

Sheep

4-10 months of age

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of morels disease:

A
  1. Infection through skin trauma, common with sheering or dipping
  2. There will develop abscesses in:
    - superficial lymph nodes
    - Subcutaneous tissue
    -rarely: parenchymal organs
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7
Q

Clinical signs of morels disease:

A

abscesses

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8
Q

Post mortem lesions in case of morels disease:

A

Abscesses

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9
Q

How to diagnose morels disease:

A

Detect the pathogen by:
1. Smear and gram staining, the sputum smear
2. Bacterial culture

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10
Q

Treatment of morels disease

A

Antibiotics
Slaughter of the whole flock

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11
Q

Prevention of morels disease

A

Antibiotics
Slaughter of the whole flock to prevent further spread

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12
Q

What is staphylococcosis of rabbit?

A

A common disease in large herds, causing respiratory symptoms where the affected animals are euthanised

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13
Q

Causative agent for staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

staphylococci aureus subspecies aureus

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14
Q

Host and age susceptible for staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Rabbits

Mostly young animals, suckling and weaned rabbits

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15
Q

Route of infection for staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Airborne, through a wound

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16
Q

Pathogenesis of staphylococcosis of rabbit

A
  1. Infection via a wound
  2. Replicates in the upper respiratory tract
  3. The bacteria will then reach the lungs, causing purulent inflammation
  4. The bateria gets into the blood = septicaemia
  5. With septicaemia, the bacteria reaches other parts of the body
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17
Q

Predisposing factors of staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Overcrowding
Bad quality bedding
Bad air quality: wind, ⭡ ammonia

18
Q

Clinical signs of staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Respiratory symptoms
Conjunctivitis
Arthritis
Otitis media
Abscesses

19
Q

Post mortem lesions of staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Abscesses
Purulent tracheal exudates

20
Q

How to diagnose staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Bacterial culture

21
Q

Treatment for staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Affected animals = euthanasia
Remaining animals in the flock is given erythromycin

22
Q

Preventative methods for staphylococcosis of rabbit

A

Avoid the predisposing factors

23
Q

What is staphylococcosis of poultry?

A

It is a common, genetical predisposition disease in poultry, causing septicaemia and problems with skin and legs.

24
Q

Causative agent for staphylococcosis of poultry

A

staphylococci aureus

staphylococci intermedius = Pigeons

25
Q

Route of infection in case of staphylococcosis of poultry

A

Aerogenic
Can be introduced through skin wounds, contamination of the navel, skin wounds

26
Q

Host and age susceptible to staphylococcosis of poultry

A

All ages, but the outcome varies

Day old chickens = Septicaemia, can also be seen in growers with severe predisposing factors
Adults and growers = Local lesions

27
Q

Pathogenesis of staphylococcosis of poultry

A
  1. Infection happens
  2. Staphylococcus is introduced to local tissue or into the bloodstream.
  3. Once in the bloodstream, Staphylococcus can produce systemic disease or localized lesions in tissues.
  4. The metaphyseal area of joints can become infected, leading to arthritis and osteomyelitis
28
Q

Predisposing factors of staphylococcosis of poultry

A

Overcrowding
Wounds
Shipping
Wet bedding
Infectious: Mareks disease, bursal disease

29
Q

Clinical signs of staphylococcosis of poultry

A

1. Septicaemia: Causes embryo death, omphalitis, lethargy, death

2. Arthritis: Tarsal and finger joinst are enlarged, we see lameness and they stop moving

3. Dermatitis: Loss of feather, plantar ulcers, serous dermatitis, haemorrhages

30
Q

Post mortem lesions of staphylococcosis of poultry

A

1. Septicaemia: Open navel, spleen + liver is enlarged, haemorrhages, multifocal necrosis in liver

2. Arthritis

3. Dermatitis: Loss of feather, serous dermatitis

4. Osteomyelitis

31
Q

How to diagnose staphylococcosis of poultry

A

Bacterial culture

32
Q

Treatment for staphylococcosis of poultry

A

Antibiotics given per os to the flock

33
Q

Prevention of staphylococcosis of poultry

A

Avoid predisposing factors
Vaccination against the viral predisposing infections

34
Q

What is staphylococcosis of swine

A

Called exudative dermatitis. It is a worldwide disease, causing non-itching crusts on the skin.

35
Q

Causative for staphylococcosis of swine

A

staphylococci hyicus

36
Q

Host and age susceptible for staphylococcosis of swine

A

Pig
All ages are affected, but the clinical signs varies

BEFORE weaning: Diffuse exudative dermatitis

AFTER weaning: Local skin lesions

37
Q

Pathogenesis of staphylococcosis of swine

A
  1. The bacteria is present on the skin
  2. With predisposing factors: they multiplies
  3. Fluids and neutrophilic granulocytes are seen between the separated epithelial cells
  4. This will cause a deep inflammation in the deep layers of the skinn
  5. There will be a loss of electrolytes and fluids
38
Q

Predisposing factors of staphylococcosis of swine

A

Overcrowding
Bad quality of feed
Skin trauma
Immune status
Maternal immunity
Ectoparasites
Viruses: Parvo, PCV-2

39
Q

Clinical symptoms of staphylococcosis of swine

A

3-4 day old piglets:
We see diffuse exudative dermatitis, which develops to vesicula and then pustules. The pustules will rupture and a crust will be formed. The crust is non-itching
- Weight loss and inappetance

Weaned pigs:
We see local lesions

Older pigs, sows:
We see exudative dermatitis on udder

40
Q

How to diagnose staphylococcosis of swine

A

Bacterial culture

41
Q

Treatment for staphylococcosis of swine

A

Give antibiotics
Give vitamin A

42
Q

Preventative method against staphylococcosis of swine

A

Prevent against ectoparasites
Good hygiene

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 3 (34 decks)

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