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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 3 > Topic 69 - Avian metapneumovirus infections > Flashcards

Topic 69 - Avian metapneumovirus infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A

A virus associated with:
Avian rhinotracheitis
Turkey rhinotracheitis
Swollen head syndrome

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2
Q

How many serotypes of Avian metapneumovirus?

A

1

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3
Q

How many subtypes of Avian metapneumovirus?

A

4

A, B, C, D

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4
Q

Which of the subtypes of Avian metapneumovirus are most widespread?

A

A and B, they also have good cross-protection

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5
Q

Host range for Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A

Most susceptible = Turkey

Also susceptible: Hen, guinea-fowl, pheasant, muscovy duck

Wild birds - Can transmit the virus for a looong distance

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6
Q

Which age group is most susceptible for Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A

All age groups are susceptible, but most frequently seen in animals between 4-9 weeks

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7
Q

Morbidity and mortality of Avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys:

A

Morbidity: 100%
Mortality: 15%

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8
Q

Morbidity and mortality of Avian metapneumovirus infection in hens:

A

Morbidity: 10%
Mortality: 1-2%

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9
Q

Transmission route of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A

Nasal discharge and drop infection

There is NO germinative infection, even though the virus has been found in the oviduct

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10
Q

Pathogenesis of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A
  1. Drop infection with inhalation
  2. There is a primary replication in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and trachea, causing CILIOSTASIS as well as inflammation and damage to the epithelium
  3. There is a short viremia and as a result the virus will reach the oviduct causing ⭣egg production and ⭣egg quality
  4. There is a healing as a result of the immune reaction
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11
Q

Clinical signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A

There are different clinical form of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

  1. Avian rhinotracheitis
  2. Turkey rhinotracheitis
  3. Swollen head syndrome
  4. Duck rhinotracheitis
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12
Q

Clinical signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection, in Turkey rhinotracheitis form:

A
  1. ⭡lacrimation
  2. Nasal discharge
  3. Cough
  4. Sneezing
  5. ⭣egg production in laying animals, by 70% !!
  6. ⭣egg quality in laying animals, the shell is softer and whiter
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13
Q

Clinical signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection, in Avian rhinotracheitis form:

A

Seen in chickens, growers

  1. Mild respiratory signs
  2. Sometimes Swollen head syndrome if complication with E.coli
  3. ⭣egg production
  4. ⭣egg quality, egg pigmentation = white
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14
Q

Clinical signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection, in Swollen head syndrome form:

A

= complication with E.coli

  1. Sneezing
  2. Nasal discharge
  3. ⭡lacrimation
  4. Head oedema
  5. Sub cutaneous oedema
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15
Q

Clinical signs of Avian metapneumovirus infection, in Duck rhinotracheitis form:

A
  1. Respiratory signs
  2. ⭣egg production
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16
Q

Pathological lesions of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A
  1. Accumulation of discharge in throat/mouth
  2. Damage of the cilia
  3. Sometimes degeneration of the oviduct
  4. Atrophic follicles
  5. Suffocation
  6. Pulmonary oedema
17
Q

How to diagnose Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A

Look at clinical signs and pathology, but since they are not specific we to antigen/antibody detections

18
Q

Differential diagnosis of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A
  1. Newcastle disease
  2. Avian influenza
19
Q

Treatment for Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A

Antibiotics in case of bacterial complications

20
Q

Prevention of Avian metapneumovirus infection:

A
  1. General epidemiological rules:
    - All-in-all-out
    - Disinfection
    - Isolation
  2. Optimal management:
    - Prevention of overcrowding
    - Ventilation
  3. Vaccinations
21
Q

Which type of vaccine do we have against Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A

Live attenated vaccine - used for primary vaccination

Inacitvated vaccine - used for breeding flocks, after vaccination with the live vaccine

22
Q

When do we vaccinate against Avian metapneumovirus infection with live attenuated vaccine?

A

Day-old chickens, and later at the age of 4-6 weeks

23
Q

How to administer the live attenuated vaccine for Avian metapneumovirus infection?

A

Spray
Drinking water

24
Q

When do we vaccinate against Avian metapneumovirus infection with inactivated vaccine?

A

At the age of 16-20 weeks

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 3 (34 decks)

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