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Anatomy > Topic 9 -Integumentary System > Flashcards

Topic 9 -Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system consists of

A

Skin

Hair, nails, glands,

Sensory receptors

Muscle

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2
Q

What are the two Skin layers, what is below them

A

Epidermis (upper)
Dermis (lower)

Hypodermis is below skin

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3
Q

Epidermis
cell type?
vascular or avascular?
how many layers?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (from ectoderm)

Avascular

Separated into 4 to 5 strata (layers) based on cell types

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4
Q

Layers of epidermis (5)

A

Stratum basale (lowest layer)

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)

Stratum Corneum (top layer)

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5
Q

Stratum basale -lowest layer

how many rows of cells?
2 cell types, what are they?

A

Single row of cells

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

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6
Q

Keratinocytes (90%)

what do they do?

what do they make?

A

Undergo mitosis
Make keratin (tough protein)
Migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale

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7
Q

Melanocytes (10%)

A

Produce pigment, melanin, for UV light production

Sunburns, wrinkles (collagen damage), cancer DNA damage

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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

cell division is?

A

Limited cell division

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9
Q

Stratum granulosum

what does it contain?

A

Contains dark staining granules

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10
Q

Stratum lucidum

what do the cells look like?

visible only in?

A

Flat dead cells (too far from blood supply)

Visible only in thick skin

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11
Q

Stratum corneum

how many layers of cells?
what is inside the cells?
what surrounds the cells?

A

20-30 layers of flat, dead cells filled with keratin surrounded by waterproofing glycolipids to prevent water loss

Shed and replaced from below

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12
Q 
Dermis 
what does it contain?
Two sublayers (CT from mesoderm)
A

Contains blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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13
Q

Papillary layer

what type of CT?

vascular or avascular?

what does it have, what do these form in thick skin?

A

Areolar CT

Vascular

Has projections into the epidermis -dermal papillae

In thick skin these form dermal ridges (finger prints)

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14
Q

Reticular layer

what CT type

A

Most of dermis

Dense irregular CT

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15
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

Superficial fascia (CT layers that surround and support organs)

Adipose CT below skin
Store 1/2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation)

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16
Q

Thin skin

what does it have?

A

Lucidum not apparent

Has hair follicles, subaceous glands, arrector pili muscles

17
Q

Thick skin

where is it found?

A

Found on palm of hand and sole of foot

Lucidum visible

No hair follicles, sebaceous glands or arrector pili muscles

18
Q

Hair

what are the parts

A 
all dead cells 
parts: 
hair follicle -surrounds root
root -dead cells below skin surface 
shaft -above skin surface
19
Q

each hair follicle has

A

epithelial root sheath -several epidermal layers extend into dermis

bulb -expanded region at base of root

hair matrix -single layer of cells derived from basale cells, site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour

20
Q

dermal root sheath

A

holds follicle in place (formed from dermis)

21
Q

hair papilla

where does it extend?

what does it contain?

what does it signal for?

A

extends upwards beneath matrix
contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for regulation
dermal

22
Q

root hair plexus

A

free nerve endings for touch

23
Q

sebaceous glands

A

opens into follicle

24
Q

arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)

A

causes goosebumps

25
Q

nails

A

very heavily keratinized epidermal cell
consist of nail root
body
free edge

26
Q

skin exocrine glands 4 types

A

sebaceous glands

sudoriferous glands

ceruminous

mammary glands

27
Q

sebaceous glands

A

connected to hair follicles

secrete sebum (Oil)

soften and lubricates skin and hair, prevents drying out, antibiotic

28
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands
secretory portions in dermis
ducts open onto surface
sweat cools the body, is antibiotic and removes waste

29
Q

ceruminous

A

modified sweat glands in ear canal

produce ear wax

30
Q

mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands

produce milk

31
Q

4 major types of cutaneous receptors

A

touch

pressure

thermoreceptors

nociceptors

32
Q

touch receptor

where are the free nerve endings?

what does the root plexus detect?

what is the name of the nerve in the dermal papillae?

A

free nerve ending in epidermis

root hair plexuses detect hair movement

meissner corpuscle in dermal papillae
corpuscle -CT capsule surrounds nerve endings

33
Q

pressure receptor

where are the free nerve endings?

what is the name of the nerve?

A

free nerve endings in dermis

pacinian corpuscle -deep in dermis or hypodermis

34
Q

thermoreceptors

A

free nerve endings for temperature

35
Q

nociceptors

A

free nerve endings for pain

3rd degree burns feel no pain because nociceptors are destroyed

Anatomy (26 decks)

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