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Anatomy > Topic 16 -Urinary System > Flashcards

Topic 16 -Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the urinary system

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra

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2
Q

functions of the urinary system

what does it regulate?

A 
regulates:
blood volume 
blood pressure 
pH
ion concentrations
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3
Q

functions of the urinary system

what does it eliminate?

A

eliminates urea, uric acid, hormones and drugs

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4
Q

kidneys external anatomy

A

retroperitoneal
right is lower than left
supported and protected by 3 layers of CT

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5
Q

what are the 3 protective CT layers of the kidney?

A

fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal fascia

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6
Q

renal hilus (hilum) of the kidney

A 
medial indentation 
entry point of:
renal artery (superior) 
renal vein (inferior) 
ureter 
nerves
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7
Q

internal anatomy of the kidney

A 
renal cortex (superficial) 
renal medulla
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8
Q

what does the renal medulla of the kidney contain

A

renal pyramids -apex of pyramid =renal papilla

renal columns -separate pyramids, contain blood vessels

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9
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of kidney (microscopic)

composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubules

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10
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle of a nephron, what does it do?

A

in cortex, site of blood filtration (first step in urine formation)
parts: glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
filtration membrane

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11
Q

Glomerulus

A

capillary bed

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12
Q

Bowmans capsule

what are the two layers

A 
surrounds glomerulus 
collects filtrate from glomerulus 
2 layers:
outer= simple squamous epithelium 
inner= podocytes => wrapped around glomerulus capillaries
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13
Q

filtration membrane

consists of:

A

glomerular endothelium (capillaries) -simple squamous with pores =fenestrations

basement membranes

podocytes (of bowmans capsule) -simple epithelium
-projections cling to glomerulus

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14
Q

renal tubules 4 parts:

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) -in cortex

loop of henle -descending + ascending limbs
-in medulla
distal convuluted tubule (DCT) -in cortex
collecting ducts -in cortex and medulla
-connect nephron to ureter (via calcyes/renal pelvis)

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15
Q

2 types of nephrons

A

Cortical (85%)

Juxtamedullary (15%)

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16
Q

cortical nephrons

A

renal corpuscle near kidney surface in cortex

short loop of henle in outer medulla

17
Q

juxtamedullary nephron

A

renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla

  • long loops -penetrate deep into medulla
  • allow concentration of urine, depending on need
18
Q

kidney and nephron blood supply

flow of vessels

A

aorta -> renal arteries -> segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries (up columns) -> arcuate arteries (medulla/cortex junction) -> cortical radiate arteries -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta (capillaries in medulla -juxtamedullary nephrons) -> cortical radiate veins -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal veins -> inferior vena cave

19
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex

A

regulates filtrate formation
point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent and efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of the same nephron

20
Q

parts of the juxtaglomerular complex

A

tubular portion -modified (tall and narrow) ascending and limb cells =macula densa

arteriolar portion
-afferent and efferent arteriolar portion= granular (juxtaglomerular cells)
monitor blood pressure
modified smooth muscle cells => contain renin (enzyme+ hormone)

21
Q

Ureters histology

A

mucosa -transitional epithelium

NO submucosa -lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa

muscularis externa -smooth muscle ~3 layers

adventitia/serosa -retroperitoneal

22
Q

Urinary Bladder histology

A

mucosa -transitional epithelium with rugae

No submucosa -lamina propria directly attaches to muscularis externa

muscularis externa =detusor muscle -smooth muscle ~3 layers

adventitia/serosa -adventitia =anterior, posterior and inferior
serosa =superior

23
Q

internally of bladder

A

triangle formed by opening of 2 ureters (posteriorly) and urethra =trigone
-lacks rugae (smooth) -allows opening to remain in fixed position

24
Q

urethra histology

A

mucosa -transitional to stratified squamous

muscularis externa -smooth muscle

25
Q

urethra 2 sphincters

A

both surround proximal end of urethra
internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
-thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder
external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
-in urogenital diaphragm

26
Q

urethra transports

A

urine in females

urine and semen in males

27
Q

filtrate moves from

A

several DCTs ->collecting ducts (exit at renal papilla -fluid now=urine) -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra -> exits body

Anatomy (26 decks)

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