Topic 17 -Male Reproductive system

Question 1

what are the structures of the reproductive system

Answer 1

gonads
Ducts
Penis
Accessory Glands

Question 2

gonads

where are they located

what are they surrounded by

Answer 2

=testes

• located within the scrotum (skin + CT)
• surrounded by two tunics

Question 3

what are the two tunics of the testes

Answer 3

tunica vaginalis

• outer serous membrane
• derived from peritoneum

tunica albuginea

• inner fibrous capsule of CT
• extends inward to divide testis into lobules

Question 4

what does each lobule of the testes contain

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules

Leydig (Interstitial) Cells -endocrine cells

Question 5

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

• produce sperm by spermatogenesis

- tubules unite to form rete testis (rete=network)

Question 6

walls of seminiferous tubules contain

Answer 6

germ cells in various stages of development
Sustentacular cells
-surround developing gametes
-extend from basement membrane to lumen
-support and nourish germ cells
-have tight junctions -form blood-testis barrier -> protects sperm from immune system, toxins, drugs, etc.
-produce testicular fluid for transport of sperm in lumen
-respond to follicle stimulating hormone

Question 7

Leydig cells

where are they located

what do they secrete

Answer 7

=endocrine cells

• in CT between seminiferous tubules
• secrete testosterone

Question 8

reproductive ducts

Pathway of sperm

Answer 8

-sperm from seminiferous tubules into rete testis then into duct system:
epididymis 
Vas (ductus) deferens 
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethra

Question 9

epididymis
Where is it
What does it store

Answer 9

posterior border of testis
stores sperm
sperm mature (develop ability to swim)

Question 10

Vas deferens
what does it enter
what does it loop over

what makes up the spermatic cord?

Answer 10

enters pelvic cavity
loops over posterior bladder
-vasectomy=vas deferens cut and tied off
-spermatic cord -contain vas deferens, nerves (ANS) veins, artery, lymph vessels, muscle (skeletal)

Question 11

Ejaculatory Duct is formed by

Answer 11

-formed by union of vas deferens and duct from seminal vesicle

Question 12

Urethra

What are the 3 regions

Answer 12

3 regions:

1) prostatic -through prostate
2) intermediate (membranous) -through urogenital diaphragm
3) penile (spongy) -through corpus spongiosum of penis -opens on the glans penis

Question 13

Penis parts:

Answer 13

root
body (shaft)
glans penis (enlarged tip)

Question 14

3 bodies of erectile tissue

Answer 14

-contains blood sinuses, bound by CT
2 corpus cavernosa (dorsal portion of root and shaft)
1 corpus spongiosum (the glans and the midventral portion of the root and shaft, surrounding the urethra)

Question 15

Male Accessory Glands

Answer 15

Seminal vesicle (2) 
Prostate Gland (1) 
Bulbourethral glands (2) 
95% of semen

Question 16

Seminal vesicles

Answer 16

2 in the body
posterior to bladder
secrete alkaline fluid that contains fructose to nourish sperm
60% of volume of semen

Question 17

Prostate Gland

Answer 17

inferior to bladder and encircles prostatic urethra
secretes milky, alkaline fluid -nourishes sperm
30% of volume of semen

Question 18

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 18

2 in body
below prostate in urogenital diaphragm (in contact with external urethral sphincter)
secrete thick alkaline mucus -helps neutralize acidic urine in urethra, lubricates
5% of volume in semen

Question 19

male spermatogenesis

Answer 19

sperm production (within seminiferous tubules) 
spermatogonia (2n) duplicate though mitosis to produce 2 spermatogonia, one does not differentiate to maintain cell line 

the other differentiates into 1° spermatocyte (2n)
meiosis one gives two 2° spermatocytes (n)
meiosis 2 gives 4 spermatids (n)
spermiogenesis (final stage) gives rise to 4 spermatozoa (n)

Question 20

differentiation of a spermatozoa

Answer 20

=spermiogenesis
develop acrosome + flagellum
-lose most cytoplasm

Question 21

spermatozoon structure

Answer 21

Head
body
tail

Question 22

spermatozoon head

Answer 22

nucleus (23 chromosomes (n))

at tip of nucleus=acrosome -contains digestive enzymes (to penetrate oocyte)

Question 23

spermatozoon Body (midpiece)

Answer 23

-large #mitochondria -produce ATP for movement

Question 24

spermatozoon tail

Answer 24

=flagellum
propel sperm
made of microtubules

Question 25

semen

Answer 25

sperm, testicular fluid + accessory gland secretions
2-5ml released at ejaculation
-contains 20-150million sperm/mL
pH 7.2-7.6
-provides sperm with transportation medium, nutrients+ protection