Topic 9

Question 1

What is used in inductive reasoning to construct general scientific principles?

Answer 1

specific testable observations

Question 2

A hypothesis would be best defined as which of the following?

Answer 2

A probable explanation of an observation that is testable

Question 3

When no connection exists between the variables the correlation is a?

Answer 3

coincidence

Question 4

What is the order of the Scientific Method?

Answer 4

Observations, Questions, Hypothesis, Experiments, Conclusions, Theory

Question 5

When does a hypothesis lead to a theory?

Answer 5

After being proven by multiple experiments

Question 6

____ is an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change.

Answer 6

variable

Question 7

A hypothesis that is distinguished from a question would be which of the following?

Answer 7

must be testable in an experiment

Question 8

Is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases while the other variable decreases?

Answer 8

negative correlation

Question 9

Is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases causes the other variable to increase.

Answer 9

positive correlation

Question 10

Deductive reasoning uses what to predict a specific result

Answer 10

known principles

Question 11

Hypothesis

Answer 11

is a contrasting predictions that can be tested experimentally in a control and test experiment where a single variable is altered

Question 12

Experiment

Answer 12

are tests of one or more hypotheses

Experimentation is done with control and changed variables. ex. (culturing microbes in laboratory conditions, repeating observations)

Question 13

Observation

Answer 13

the first step and should be specific

Question 14

Control

Answer 14

A variable in an experiment which is held constant in order to assess the relationship between multiple variables

Question 15

Variables

Answer 15

are factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation

Question 16

Conclusion

Answer 16

after experimentation and before the theory

there are two ways to arrive at a logical conclusion - inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 17

Theory,

Answer 17

is developed based on many conclusions

Question 18

Deductive reasoning

Answer 18

applies general principles to predict a specific results. (Uses known principles) Deductive reasoning is the reason mathematics and philology can be used to validity general ideas

Question 19

Inductive reasoning,

Answer 19

logic flows opposite, as the specific observations to construct general scientific principles. Inductive reasoning leads to generalizations that then can be tested, and most biological studies use inductive reasoning

Question 20

Correlation,

Answer 20

is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation

Question 21

Causation

Answer 21

is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. A direct relationship shows causation, between the variables

Question 22

Understand the process of the scientific method, in relation to hypothesis formation, and the Experimentation process

Answer 22

An specific observation is made
(Observing microbes using a microscope) which leads to the formation of questions, which then lead to development of hypothesis
A hypothesis is developed
(Possible suggested explanation for the presence of microbes)
Experimentation is done with control and changed variables. (culturing microbes in laboratory conditions, repeating observations)
A conclusion is made.
A Theory is developed based on many conclusions.

Question 23

Understand the relationship between Correlation, Causation, and Coincidence.

Answer 23

Correlation is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation, between the variables.

If no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.