Participation Pop Quizzes (Topic 8-11) Flashcards
how many chromosomes are in a haploid cell?
23 Chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in a diploid cell?
46 Chromosomes
What is the order of M phase?
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What increases genetic diversity of organism during meiosis?
Genetic recombination (crossing over)
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S phase
In what phase does cell division occur?
M phase
Prokaryotes, like bacteria, divide by what methods?
Binary Fission
Mitosis and Meiosis, what is the main difference?
The DNA will split in half in meiosis (diploid into haploid), mitosis will have the full set of chromosomes from the mother and the father (stays diploid)
What is the order of M phase?
Prophase (longest), Prometaphase (still part of Prophase), Metaphase (shortest), Anaphase, Telophase
What 2 process increase genetic diversity in Meiosis?
Crossing over and random assortment
When does crossing over occur during meiosis?
Prophase 1
Does Meiosis occur in all types of cells?
No, only occurs in gamete cells
Mitosis results in what type of daughter cells?
2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
Meiosis results in what type of cells?
4 unique haploid daughter cells
What is evolution measuring exactly?
changes in alleles
what agent of evolution is the ultimate source of new alleles?
mutations
what allows organisms to match the changes happening to their environment?
evolutionary adaptations
What are homologous structures?
similar physical features in an organism that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions
What are analogous structures?
are structures that are similar in function but different in evolutionary origin, such as the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly
For natural selection to occur in a population what must exist in that population?
reproductive success of different phenotypes must differ
variation must exist in a population
variation must be inherited from one generation to the next generation
Founder effects and bottlenecks are examples of what?
forms of genetic drift
If there is no diversity in a population, the population is at risk of what?
bottleneck event extinction
how is fitness measured in a population
the comparison of the number of surviving offspring in the next generation
The biological concept of species is defined as?
populations who’s members are able to produce fertile offspring
what are pre-zygotic reproductive barriers?
Isolation mechanisms preventing different species from mating
What are some examples of pre-zygotic reproductive barriers?
Ecological Isolation, Behavior Isolation, Temporal Isolation, Mechanical Isolation, Prevention of Gamete Fusion
What are post-zygotic reproductive barriers?
Isolation mechanisms preventing the species hybrid offspring from being reproductively successful
What are some examples of post-zygotic reproductive barriers?
Hybrid Inviability, Hybrid Infertility, Hybrid Breakdown
