Participation Pop Quizzes (Topic 1-4) Flashcards
Biology, in general, the study of what exactly?
life and all its aspect
Life is diverse, yet all life must share what properties to be considered living?
Sensitivity - respond to stimuli
Organization - ordered complexity
Growth, development and reproduction
Energy utilization - producers, consumers, and decomposers
Homeostasis - must maintain constant internal conditions
Evolutionary adaptations - ability to adapt to the environment
Are fungi considered living?
Yes, they fulfill all the requirements of life, energy utilization, reproduction, growth, homeostasis, evolutionary adaptations,
Are viruses considered alive? And why are they considered alive or not alive?
Not they are not considered to be alive because they do not fulfill the requirements of life….
Cellular Structure: Viruses are not made up of cells. They are simply packages of DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat.
Metabolism: Viruses do not have their own metabolism. They rely on the host cell’s metabolic machinery for energy production.
Reproduction: Viruses cannot reproduce independently. They need to infect a host cell and use the host’s cellular machinery to replicate.
Growth and Development: Viruses do not grow or develop. Once they are assembled in the host cell, they remain the same size.
Response to Environment: Viruses do not respond to changes in their environment like living organisms do. They do not move towards or away from stimuli.
A hypothesis in biology best described as?
a possible explanation of an observation, which is testable through experiments.
A scientific theory is?
A statement of how the world works that is supported by experimental data
All the organisms and all of the non-living components on our UTRGV campus would make up what type of group?
Ecosystem
In order for a hypothesis to be able to be used in science, which of the following must be true?
Testable and falsifiable
What are the structural and functional unit of an organism?
cells
Tissues are composed of ____ type of cell, and organs are composed of ____ type of tissues
Single, multiple
What is considered the simplest unit of matter?
elements
The atomic number indicates what?
Number of Protons
Individual elements
Which subatomic particle are positively charged and located in the nucleus?
protons
Which subatomic particle are negatively charged and located orbiting around the nucleus?
electrons
Atomic mass includes what exactly?
Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
Isotopes differ in what way from their original element?
different number of neutrons
octet rule
The tendency of atoms to want to fill their outer valence shell
What determines an element’s reactivity and bonds they form?
the number of electrons in their valence shell
What type of chemical bond is formed by an atoms sharing 2 or more electrons in their valence shell
Covalent Bond
Why does carbon atom tend to make 4 covalent bonds?
They make 4 bonds as they need 4 electrons to fill their outer shell
Organic compounds are based on what main element
carbon
Which macromolecule polymer has amino acids as it’s monomer?
protein
Monosaccharides, like glucose and galactose are what category of macromolecules?
carbohydrates
What is an example of a carbohydrate polysaccharide?
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Chitin
The primary structural classification of proteins are called what?
polypeptide chain
What are the four major categories of macromolecules in organic systems?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine
RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom)
What is the monomer of DNA?
nucelotides
Nucleotides are composed of what 3 parts?
Ribose (Carbohydrate)
Nitrogenous Base (Purines or Pyrimidines)
Phosphate group
What are the 3 main structures of the Generalized cell?
The Nucleus, the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm
In prokaryotes, where is DNA located?
nucleoid
What is the main difference between Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Nucleus, 80s ribosome, organelles, histone proteins-DNA complex compacting DNA -Eukaryotes
Nucloid, 70s ribosome, no organelles except ribosome, single circular DNA genome - Prokaryotes
What ribosomes and DNA does the mitochondria and chloroplast have?
70s ribosome, single circular DNA
What are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes
After a protein in synthesized in the Rough ER, where would it go next?
Golgi Apparatus
Peroxisomes are used to detoxify what in the cell?
various toxins that enter the cell
Lysosomes have what function in the cell
digestion & dergradation of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms
