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Biology 108 > Topic 9 > Flashcards

Topic 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 6 defining characteristics of an animal?

A
  • multicellular
  • eukaryotes
  • lack cell walls
  • heterotrophs - chemoheterotrophs
  • motile at some stage
  • reproduce asexually or sexually
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2
Q

T/F animal cells have cell walls

A

false - they lack cell walls

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3
Q

what type of troph are animals?

A

chemoheterotrophs - have ingestive nutrition

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4
Q

how many animal phyla are there?

A

35-37

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5
Q

how many major phyla are there?

A

9

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6
Q

metazoa means?

A

all members of the kingdom animalia

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7
Q

what are the 9 main animal phyla?

A

Porifera
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Nematoda
Arthropoda

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8
Q

what are the three types of body symmetry?

A

asymmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
radially symmetrical

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9
Q

what is asymmetrical?

A
  • no symmetry - 0 planes
    this means they have:
  • poor locomotion
  • no head (absent)
  • usually suspension feeders
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10
Q

what is a suspension feeder, and what type of symmetry usually is one?

A
  • feed on materials that are suspended around them (like in the water)
  • asymmetrical
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11
Q

what does bilaterally symmetrical mean?

A
  • divided equally into 2 halves - one plane - sagittal plane
  • highly mobile
  • highly developed head
  • variable lifestyle - lots are predators
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12
Q

what does sagittal mean?

A
  • a plane that divides into 2 equal halves
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13
Q

how many planes does asymmetrical have?

A

0

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14
Q

how many planes does bilaterally symmetrical have?

A

1

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15
Q

how many planes does radial symmetrical have?

A

many

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16
Q

what does radial symmetrical mean?

A
  • can be divided into infinite planes and be the same in each
  • planes go through the center
  • weak head
  • weak locomotion
  • mostly suspension feeders
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17
Q

what is the top plane called?

A

-aboral

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18
Q

what is the bottom plane called?

A

oral

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19
Q

LEARN THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

A
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20
Q

what are the three germ layers?

A

ectoderm - outer
mesoderm - middle
endoderm - inner

21
Q

what is the difference between diploblastic and triploblastic?

A

di - 2 germ layers
tri - 3 germ layers

22
Q

what is the archenteron?

A
  • a space in the blastula that is the primitive gut cavity
23
Q

where is the blastopore?

A

the opening to the archenteron

24
Q

what is the different stages of embryonic development?

A

zygote
8 - cell stage
blastula
gastrulation

25
Q

what is a coel

A

cavity

26
Q

what phylum is diploblastic?

A

cnidaria

27
Q

where is the fluid filled body cavity found and what is it called and what does it do

A

only in triploblastic animals
- coelom
- space for internal organs
- protect internal organs

28
Q

what are protostomes?

A

animals that the blastopore becomes the mouth
nervous system on the ventral side (front)
brain surrounds the opening of digestive tract
the anus forms later
coelom forms as a splitting of the mesoderm

29
Q

what are deuterostomes?

A

animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus,
mouth forms later
nervous system and brain on dorsal side of the body
- neural canal
coelom and mesoderm forms as an outgrowth of the primitive gut

30
Q

what is metamerism?

A

body segmentation

31
Q

what is a segment?

A

a body structure that repeats along an anterior-posterior axis and itselft has an anterior-posterior polarity.
- often associated with movement

32
Q

what are the three advantages of metamerism?

A
  1. creates hydrostatic compartments (fluid- filled)
  2. reduces impact of injury
  3. modification of certain regions for specialized functions
33
Q

LEARN THE TREE

A
34
Q

What are 3 Characteristics of Porifera?

A

asymmetrical
sessile
no tissues or organs
suspension feeders
choanocytes
monoecious - both male and female reproductive organs
- sponges

35
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Cnidaria?

A

Diploblastic
radical symmetry
predators
incomplete gut
body plan - polyp (hollow cylinder with tentacles) or medusa (umbrella with tentacles)
hydra, jellyfish, coral

36
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Platyhelminthes?

A
  • triploblastic
  • bilaterally symmetric
  • acoelomate
  • incomplete gut
  • free living(planarians) or parasitic (tape worms, flukes)
37
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Nematoda?

A
  • 2nd largest animal phylum
  • pseudocoelomate
  • no circulatory system
  • mostly microscopic
  • free living or parasitic
  • soil nematodes
38
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Annelida?

A
  • True Coelom
  • segmentation of coelom
  • segmentation of organ systems (muscular circulatory excretory respiratory nervous)
  • earthworms and leeches
39
Q

what is a coelom

A

a body cavity in animals between the intestinal canal and the body wall

40
Q

what are the 3 types of coeloms?

A

coelomate
pseudocoelomate
acoelomate

41
Q

what is a coelomate?

A

fluid filled cavity between the gut wall and the outer body wall

42
Q

what is a pseudocoelomate?

A

are triploblastic, but coelom is not completely lined with mesoderm cells.

43
Q

in a true coelom the body cavity is derived from…

A

the mesoderm
the body cavity is formed from the 3 germ layers

44
Q

what is an acoelomate?

A

no coelom

45
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Mollusca?

A
  • soft body with hard shell
  • bottom dwellers
  • body has 3 regions - visceral mass, head to foot, mantle
  • snails slugs clams mussels cephalopods (squid and octopuses)
46
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Arthropoda?

A

chitinous exoskeleton
- growth and development - metamorphosis
- gas exchange
- highly developed sensory abilities
- complex behaviours
5 major liniages - centipeds, millipeds, insects, scorpians, spiders, crustaceans

47
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Echinodermata?

A
  • deuterostome
  • larvae - bilateral - but adult - pentaradial
    water vascular system
    star fish, sea urchin, sea cucumber
48
Q

What are 3 characteristics of Cordata?

A
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • notochord - physical support
  • perforated pharynx
    postanal tail - so that they can move and digest
49
Q

what does the notochord do?

A

physical support
cartilage rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult cordates.

Biology 108 (13 decks)

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