Topic 7

Question 1

Name 7 characteristics of land plants

Answer 1

• eukaryotes
• Almost all Photoautotrophs
• multicellular
• cell walls
• stationary
• life cycle is alternation of generations
• Embryo inside gametophyte

Question 2

what does sessile mean?

Answer 2

stationary - not moving

Question 3

what is the diploid generation produce?

Answer 3

spores

Question 4

what is the diploid generation structure called?

Answer 4

sporophyte

Question 5

what does the haploid generation produce?

Answer 5

gametes

Question 6

what is the haploid generation structure called?

Answer 6

gametophyte

Question 7

the diploid generation produces spores through what process?

Answer 7

meiosis

Question 8

sporophyte to spore is _______n to ____n

Answer 8

2n to n

Question 9

gametophyte to gamete is ____n to ___n

Answer 9

n to n

Question 10

the haploid generation produces gametes through what process?

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

A sporophyte(2n) has a chamber called a _________ with a ________ that undergoes _________to make a spore (n).

Answer 11

sporangium (2n)
spore mother cell (2n)
meiosis

Question 12

A gametophyte (n) has a _____________ that undergoes _________ to produce a gamete (n).

Answer 12

gametangium (n)
mitosis (n)

Question 13

In advanced land plants the _______ stage is more dominant. Likewise in less advanced land plants the _________stage is more dominant.

Answer 13

sporophyte
gamete

Question 14

what is an adaptive advantage of delaying meiosis?

Answer 14

May maximize production of haploid spores

Question 15

What would happen if there was direct meiosis of a zygote?

Answer 15

it would result in fewer haploid cells

Question 16

how many living species are in the kingdom plantae?

Answer 16

about 300 000

Question 17

how many phyla are in the kingdom plantae?

Answer 17

10

Question 18

what were 4 important adaptations for plants as they moved onto land?

Answer 18

• needed to prevent desiccation (drying out)
• needed to provide more physical support to their stems
• needed to improve nutrient uptake
• needed to permit sexual reproduction without water

Question 19

what are 3 characteristics that plants and green algae share?

Answer 19

• cellulose walls
• photosynthetic starch
• chlorophylls a and b

Question 20

when did algae invade land?

Answer 20

about 450 mya

Question 21

the characters that plants and algae share are ________

Answer 21

synapomorphies

Question 22

describe the adaptation of the cuticle.

Answer 22

cuticle was an outer waxy layer that helped to prevent the plant from drying out

Question 23

describe the adaptation of the stomata

Answer 23

now that there was a cuticle covering the entirety of the plant, there needed to be a way for the plant to breath. the stomata were small openings on the plant that allow for uptake of CO2 and regulation of H2O

Question 24

what were the two adaptations that helped to limit water loss in land plants?

Answer 24

stomata and cuticle

Question 25

what was a symbiotic association that evolved with fungi?

Answer 25

Mycorrhizae

Question 26

describe mycorrhizae

Answer 26

a symbiotic association where a fungus colonizes a plants roots and grows beyond the reach of the roots both benefit through the exchange of nutrients - plants provide carbon - fungus increases soil nutrients

Question 27

in mycorrhizae plants provide fungus with__________

Answer 27

carbon

Question 28

in mycorrhizae fungus benefits plants by providing them with_____

Answer 28

more nutrient rich soil

Question 29

what are the vascular tissues?

Answer 29

xylem and phloem and lignin

Question 30

what does vascular tissue do for the plant?

Answer 30

helps transport and provide physical support

Question 31

what is xylem and its key features?

Answer 31

vascular tissue that transports water - from bottom to top (against gravity) reinforced with lignin composed of dead cells

Question 32

what is phloem and its key features?

Answer 32

vascular tissue that conducts sugar transport living cells

Question 33

what are tracheids ?

Answer 33

tapered cells in the xylem

Question 34

what is lignin?

Answer 34

complex polymer that strengthens the cell walls and allows them upright growth

Question 35

what are the apical meristems?

Answer 35

regions of constantly dividing cells near the tips of the shoots and roots - they produce all of the tissues of the plant body - the foundation for branching and root systems - stems and leaves come from these

Question 36

what do roots do for the plant?

Answer 36

anchor plants absorb water and nutrients from soil

Question 37

what are rhizomes?

Answer 37

horizontal, undergrounds stems that can produce shoot and root systems - penetrate soil and anchors the plant

Question 38

what are angiosperms?

Answer 38

flowering plants

Question 39

what are gymnosperms?

Answer 39

seed producing plants - like conifers - flowerless - produce cones and seed

Question 40

what are homosporous plants?

Answer 40

plants that produce one type of spore - bisexual - motile sperm

Question 41

what are heterosporous plants?

Answer 41

plants that produce two types of spores - female gametophyte produces eggs - site of fertilization -male gametophyte is nonmotile and transfers to female - pollen