Topic 4-2

Question 1

What is the general shape of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

small
simplest round shape

Question 2

how big is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

1-10 um

Question 3

define invagination

Answer 3

infolding

Question 4

define evagination

Answer 4

outpocketing (lungs)

Question 5

what are the three common shapes of a prokayotic cell?

Answer 5

sphere
cylindrical
spiral
- some square

Question 6

what are some elements of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

nucleoid
pilli
plasmid
flagellum
membrance
ribosomes
cyotplasm

Question 7

gram positive

Answer 7

Peptidpglycan wall exposed and stains violet

Question 8

gram negative

Answer 8

petidoglycan wll not exposed and not reatain violet

Question 9

there is ______ __________ between cell _______ and gram + or - staining

Answer 9

no correlation
shape

Question 10

DRAW the FIVE kingdom system

Question 11

what is the old 2 kingdom system

Answer 11

plantae and animalia

Question 12

eukarya are more similar than ____and _______ together

Answer 12

bacteria
archaea

Question 13

eukaryotes and archaea share a more recent CA than do the _________and_________

Answer 13

bacteria and archaea

Question 14

what is LUCA

Answer 14

the root for all organisms

Question 15

Genetic diversity was contributed by what three factors?

Answer 15

rapid reproduction
mutation
genetic recombination

Question 16

what is rapid reproduction?

Answer 16

Binary fission
- New DNA synthesize almost constantly
- when chromosome duplicates cell splits
- rate usually 1-3 hrs
- genetically identical offspring

Question 17

what is the fission rate?

Answer 17

1-3 hrs
but as quick as 20mins

Question 18

mutation - explain

Answer 18

happens at low rate
only process that can create new allele
can accumulate through rapid reproduction
may lead to rapid evolution

Question 19

what is the only process that can make new alleles?

Answer 19

mutation

Question 20

what is genetic recombination

Answer 20

• production on new combination of alleles
• result in additional diversity
• DNA brought together

Question 21

what are the three ways DNA is brought together

Answer 21

• transformation
• transduction
• conjugation

Question 22

transformation

Answer 22

• change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of new foreign DNA
• griffith
  uptake of DNA released from dead bacteria

Question 23

explain Griffiths experiment

Answer 23

rats and r and s cells

Question 24

Explain transduction

Answer 24

bacteriophages
- movement of genes between bacteria and bacteriophages
- explain this experiment

Question 25

conjugation

Answer 25

• transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells
• sex pilli - allow cells to connect and pull - its like what we did in the lab with fungus

Question 26

phototrophs

Answer 26

sun energy source

Question 27

chemotrophs

Answer 27

chemical energy source

Question 28

autotrophs

Answer 28

inorganic source

Question 29

heterotroph

Answer 29

organic source

Question 30

eukaryotes are

Answer 30

photoautotrophs
and
chemoheterotrophs

Question 31

baceria are

Answer 31

photoheterotrophs

Question 32

bacteria and archea are

Answer 32

chemoatuotrophs