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Biology 108 > Topic 8 > Flashcards

Topic 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

A

both
but most are multicellular

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2
Q

what is mycelia?

A

a network of fungal threads and hyphae
- a mass of long filamentous hyphae

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3
Q

hyphae

A

= web

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4
Q

Apical growth means…

A

hyphae grow outwards by growth at the tips
- emphasis on outwards and tips

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5
Q

why do we need fugus?

A

for absorptive nutrition

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6
Q

how many species of fungus have been described?

A

148 000
but 1.5 million are thought to exist

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7
Q

what type of troph is fungus?

A
  • chemoheterotrophic
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8
Q

what domain do fungus belong to?

A

eukaryotes

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9
Q

what are the 3 main types of absorptive nutrition?

A
  • saprobes
  • parasites
  • mutualistic
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10
Q

describe saprobes absorption.

A
  • Absorb nutrients from dead organic material - decomposers
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11
Q

Describe parasitic absorption

A

absorb nutrients from cells of living hosts - can be pathogenic

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12
Q

describe mutualistic absorption

A

absorb nutrients from the host but also benefit the host
- ex - land plants and roots

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13
Q

what are 2 major structures of a fungus?

A

chitin and septa/septum

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14
Q

what is chitin?

A

fungus have rigid cell walls made of chitin
- a polysaccharide component of cell walls

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15
Q

what are septa?

A
  • cross walls that partition some hyphae into cell-like compartments
  • pores in septa allow cytoplasm and organelles to move between hyphal cells
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16
Q

what is and does cytoplasmic streaming do in fungus?

A

it is the rapid movement of organelles and other cellular components throughout the cell
- in fungus it allows nutrients to flow throughout the hyphae

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17
Q

what do the pores in the septa do?

A

allow for cytoplasm and organelles to move between hyphal cells

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18
Q

what is special about coenocytic hypha?

A
  • no septa - allows for faster movement of nutrients - continuous presence of cytoplasm
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19
Q

hyphae form a network called what?

A

mycelium

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20
Q

the earlier diverging fungi have septa or no?

A

no they were coenocytic

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21
Q

are yeasts multi or uni cellular?

A

uni

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22
Q

fugal cell walls are….

A

thick and ridged because of chitin

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23
Q

are fungus motile or not?

A

most are not

24
Q

how do fungi reproduce?

A
  • by spores - very effectively
25
Q

are spores produces sexually or asexually?

A

both

26
Q

what are the three stages of sexual reproduction in fungi?

A

Plasmogamy
karyogamy
meiosis

27
Q

what is plasmogamy?

A

fusion of the cytoplasm of two haploid cells

28
Q

what is karyogamy?

A

the fusion of the nuclei
- after karyogamy it becomes a diploid

29
Q

REVIEW THE FUNGUS LIFE CYCLE

A
30
Q

When did fungus become present?

A

at least 760 mya

31
Q

Name the 6 major fungus phylums

A

Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Cryptomycota

32
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Chytridiomycota?

A

motile - only fungi that are motile
- have flagellated spores
- one to several cells
about 1000 species

33
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Cryptomycota?

A
  • single celled
  • spore like parasites
  • earliest diverging
34
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Zygomycota?

A
  • hyphal
  • no septa
  • asexual reproduction is more common
  • sexual reproduction is less common - forms a zygospore
35
Q

sexually produced spores are called?

A

zygospores

36
Q

how do fungi asexually reproduce?

A

by mitosis

37
Q

how does sexually reproduction occur in fungi?

A
  • in sexual a + and - mating strand join to make a gametangia, which fuses and then plasmogamy takes place and zygospore is formed. it then undergoes karyogamy and the nuclei fuse completing the zygospore. a sporangium eventually splits off and undergoes meiosis to create a haploid spores.
38
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Glomeromycota?

A
  • hyphal
  • asexual
  • tight association with plant roots
  • very important to environment
  • about 160 species
39
Q

what are the three phylum that do sexual reproduction?

A

zygomycota
basidiomycota
ascomycota

40
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Ascomycota?

A
  • hyphal
  • sac fungi
  • Ascospores
  • in asexual - conidia spores produced
41
Q

what are the phyla that are hyphal?

A
  • zygo
  • glomero
  • asco
  • basidio
42
Q

what are Ascospores?

A

haploid sexual spores

43
Q

how many ascospores are there in a fungus?

A

always 8

44
Q

in asexual reproduction of Ascomytcetes fungi what is produced?

A

conidia spores

45
Q

penicillium is part of which phyla?

A
  • ascomycota
46
Q

who discovered penicillium?

A

sir alexander flemming

47
Q

what is penicillium?

A
  • the first antibiotic
  • in 1928 - noticed that staphylococcus stopped bacteria growth
  • even worked when diluted 800x
48
Q

when was sir alexander flemming awarded the nobel prize?

A

1945

49
Q

what are the defining characteristics of Basidiomycota?

A

-hyphal
- club shaped spore structure (basidia)
- about 22 000 species
- mushroom gills

50
Q

what is basidia?

A

clubshaped spore bearing structure

51
Q

what is a thallus?

A

spongy body

52
Q

what is lichen comprised of?

A

mycobiont and a photobiont

53
Q

what is a mycobiont?

A

the fungus - most of the lichen body

54
Q

what is a photobiont?

A

the photosynthetic partner in lichen - thin layer - algae usually - produces food for the fungal component of the lichen

55
Q

after a natural disaster/wipe out what is one of the first things to appear?

A

lichens
- they are also a good indication of air quality

56
Q

what it soredia?

A
  • reproductive structure in lichens
  • allows for asexual reproduction

Biology 108 (13 decks)

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