Topic 8 Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What is the function of the cardiovascular system
Its job is to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, hormones, and nutrients around the body
What side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and what part receives oxygenated blood?
The right side receives deoxygenated while the left side receives oxygenated
What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?
It is The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back while the systemic carries blood to all other tissues and back to the heart
What is the anatomy of the heart
The right atrium and ventricle handle deoxygenated blood than the left atrium and ventricle that handle oxygenated blood as well as the interventricular septum
What is the position of the heart
The heart is left of the midline, deeper than the sternum in the same area as the mediastinum
What is the superior border, apex, and inferior border
The superior border is the superior vena cava and the great blood vessels, the apex is the tip of the heart where the left ventricle is, and the inferior border is the right ventricle
what is the pericardium and what is it composed of
The pericardium is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart it restricts movement of the heart is composed of the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium
what is the coronary sulcus and the interventricular sulcus name the two interventricular sulcus
These are the places where the coronary arteries and veins are. There is the anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus.
What are the functions of the heart valves
They function to make sure blood flows in one smooth direction and they open and close based on the pressure around them
What are the major types of valves
There is the atrioventricular valve located between the atrium and ventricle then there are the semilunar valves which are between the ventricle and blood vessels
What are the two atrioventricular valves and what side are they on and what do they do? Also what are they connected to
The mitral valve is on the left side and the tricuspid is on the right side. They function to prevent any backflow into the atrium they are connected through chordae tendinae which is connected to papillary muscle
What are the two semilunar valves called and where are they located and what is their function?
The aortic valve is on the left and the pulmonary valve is on the right side. They function prevent backflow from the major blood vessels back into the ventricle
What are incompetent valve and valvular stenosis?
An incompetent valve is a valve that doesn’t close properly and valvular stenosis is when the valve becomes hardened
What is the difference between systole and diastole
Systole is when the heart is contracting and diastole s when the heart is relaxing think dilation
What is a myocardial infarction
This is when there is a blockage in the coronary blood vessels
What are the tunics of arteries and veins
They have the tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
What are the three types of arteries and what is their makeup
The elastic artery is the biggest then the muscular than the arteriole
What are elastic arteries and what tissue do they have most of and why
Elastic arteries are the biggest arteries and are made of mostly elastic arteries because of high blood pressure after the heart
What are Muscular arteries and what is different about them
Muscular arteries are the second-largest arteries made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers. They have more smooth muscle
What is an arteriole
An arteriole is the smallest type of artery and is made of a few layers of smooth muscle and can control blood flow into capillaries
What are capillaries
These are the smallest blood vessels made of a single layer of tunica intima. It is where metabolic exchange occurs.
What are the capillary bed and precapillary sphincters
These are the capillary blood vessels fed by the metarteriole and the control of the precapillary sphincter flow of blood into the capillary bed.
What are the three types of capillaries and what do they do?
There is the continuous which is most abundant, fenestrated which has pores for fluid exchange, and the sinusoids which have large gaps for large molecules
What are the functions of the veins
They drain the capillaries, return blood to heart, and are blood reservoirs
