Reproductive system Flashcards
What are the similarities between male and female reproductive systems
Both systems have primary sex organs called gonads the gonads produce sex cells called gametes. They have ducts that transport the gametes to the site of fertilization. The gonads produce sex hormones
What is the function of the testes
They produce gametes and sex hormones
What are the ducts and tubules of the male reproductive system
The epididymis to ductus deferens (vas deferens) to ejaculatory duct to the urethra
What are the cremaster muscle and the dartos muscle and what do they do
The cremaster elevates and depresses the scrotum to allow for temperature to be maintained while the dartos muscle wrinkles the scrotal skin when cold to reduce heat lost
What are the two layers of the testes
There is the tunica albuginea which is a deeper fibrous capsule and the tunica vaginalis which is the more superficial layer from the peritoneum
What are the seminiferous tubules and what are some cells in it
They are the site of sperm production. There is the spermatogenic cells which are the first cell of sperm almost like reproductive stem cell
What is the process of sperm creation called and when does it start
Sperm production begins at puberty and the creation of sperm is spermatogenesis
What are the ducts that eject sperm and what does the epididymis do?
Seminiferous tubules to the rete testis to the epididymis. The epididymis stores the sperm
Where does sperm pass through during ejaculation
It moves from the epididymis to the vas deferens (ductus deferens) into the ampulla then the ejaculatory duct which also has substance from the seminal vesicle and secretions from the prostate. The prostate also helps push the semen through the ejaculatory duct
What is the bulbo urethra gland
It secretes a clear alkaline substance prior to ejaculation to protect sperm
What are the external structures of the male repro system
There is the tip called the glans penis,
What are the three structures in the scrotum
The epididymis, the testes, and ductus deferens
What fluids get mixed with the sperm upon arousal
The seminal gland and the prostate have fluids mixed with sperm
What regions does semen pass through in the male urethra?
The prostatic urethra, intermediate urethra, and the spongy urethra
What is male foreskin called?
prepuce
Which erectile body is around the spongy urethra and what are the others called
The corpus spongiosum the others are corpora cabernosa
What are the ovaries
These are the paired female gonads that produce female gametes oocytes
What are the ovarian and broad ligaments
They anchor the ovaries to the uterus and the ovarian ligaments support the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
What is the membrane layer that surrounds the ovaries?
It is known as the tunica albuginea
What is the uterine tube
This is a tubelike structure that connects the ovaries to the Uterus
What are the infundibulum, fimbriae
The infundibulum is the first portion of the fallopian tube and the fimbriae are the finger-like projections on the end of the infundibulum
Where is the sperm fertilized
The sperm is fertilized in the uterine tubes and eventually end up in the uterus
What are the anatomical structures of the uterus
The fundus which is the superior dome, the body which is the main part with thick walls, the isthmus between the body and cervix and the cervix which is kind of the end of the uterus
Perimetrium meaning
The perimetrium is made of serosa and is the outermost layer
Myometrium
This is made of smooth muscle and makes up most of the uterine wall
Endometrium meaning
The endometrium is the 2 layers thick mucous layer that lines the uterine cavity
What are the two layers of the endometrium
The Basal layer which doesn’t change much and the functional layer
What is the vagina
This is a thin-walled fibromuscular which is the
What is the mons pubis
This is the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue anterior to the pubic symphysis
What is the labia majora
This is the part of the vagina that is paired thickened folds of skin
What are the labia minora
These are paired folds medial to the labia majora
What is the vestibule
This is the space between the labia minora
What is the clitoris and what are it erectile bodies called
The clitoris is located at the anterior regions of the labia minora it has erectile bodies called the corpora cavernosa that fill up with blood upon the arousal
What are the mammary glands what are the two important structures within them
They are lobes inside of the breast that function to create breast milk for babies. There is the lactiferous ducts which the milk drains into then the lactiferous sinuses which are where the milk goes before leaving the nipple
What is the layer of cuboidal cells around the ovary called and what is it a continuation of?
This layer is known as the simple epithelium and it is a continuation of the peritoneum
What is in the ovary cortex and medulla
The cortex contains the follicles while the medulla has the blood vessels nerves etc
What are the functions of the uterus
It protects the embryo and fetus, site of implantation, and contracts so the baby can come out
What are the structures that reside in the vestibule
There is the urethral orifice, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
