Topic 5 (articulations)

Question 1

What are joints and explain the mobility with them

Answer 1

Joints are where bones meet and they all vary in their stability and mobility based on what they are needed to do

Question 2

What are the classifications of joints by structures

Answer 2

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 3

What are the classifications of joints by function

Answer 3

Synarthrosis means it can’t move, amphiarthrosis means it is slightly mobile, and diarthrosis is freely mobile

Question 4

What are the fibrous joints and what are the three types

Answer 4

They are joined by collagen fibers (dense irregular tissue) there is no joint cavity, and most of them are immovable. There are sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis

Question 5

What are cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

They are bones attached by cartilage and are mostly immovable. The two types are the synchondrosis and the symphsis

Question 6

What are cartilaginous joints

Answer 6

They are bones attached to cartilage and are mostly immovable. The two types are synchondrosis and the symphysis

Question 7

What are synchondrosis joints and what are some examples

Answer 7

Synchondrosis joints are where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. Examples would be the epiphyseal line and the cartilage between ribs and sternum

Question 8

What are synovial joints

Answer 8

the articulation of the bones has a fluid-filled joint cavity. Its not necessarily a cavity more like it can become one if its popped

Question 9

What are the characteristics of syovial joints

Answer 9

It has articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) and the joint cavity, ligaments which are there to connect bone to bone and strengthen and reinforce the capsule. sensory nerves detect pain and stretch in a joint. Blood vessels which nourish the tissues of the joint

Question 10

What is the symphysis joint and what are some examples

Answer 10

The symphysis is when the bones are attached by fibrocartilage. Two examples are the cartilage between the vertebral discs and the pubis symphysis

Question 11

What is the synovial fluid

Answer 11

The fluid helps with weight-bearing so acts as a cushion and so that the cartilage isn’t rubbing against itself

Question 12

Whats the outer fibrous layer

Answer 12

It is dense irregular tissue that is continuous with the periosteum

Question 13

What is a bursa

Answer 13

The bursa is a sac outside of most synovial joints. It contains a synovial membrane and fluid. They act as ball bearings to reduce friction

Question 14

What are plane joints

Answer 14

This is where two relatively flat bones slide on each other they don’t have a lot of mobility

Question 15

What is a hinge joint

Answer 15

It is when the joints movement is like the articulation between the ulna and trochlea there’s only on type of movement with it and its a bit more mobile than plane joints

Question 16

What are pivot joints

Answer 16

Pivot joints allow for a side to side motion

Question 17

What is condylar joint

Answer 17

The condylar joint has two oval shapes articular surface allows for flexion & extension as well as abduction and adduction

Question 18

What is a saddle joint?

Answer 18

Its a joint looking like a saddle so concave and convex and there are two forms of mobility with it flexion & extension as well as abduction and adduction

Question 19

What is the ball and socket joint

Answer 19

It is a joint to which there is a ball and socket with an abundance in different possible motions

Question 20

What is the gliding motion

Answer 20

The gliding motion refers to a wrist type of movement moving from left to right

Question 21

Explain flexion and extension

Answer 21

flexion decreases the angle of the joint while extension means an increase in the angle of joint

Question 22

What is hyperextension

Answer 22

This is when the joint moves past its natural movements

Question 23

What’s the difference between abduction and adduction

Answer 23

abduction is moving away from the midline while adduction is the movement towards the midline

Question 24

What’s the difference between supination and pronation

Answer 24

Supination is when palms are towards the sky (asking for soup) pronation is when the palms are facing the ground (pro baller dribbling )

Question 25

What’s the difference between a bursa and tendon sheath

Answer 25

The bursa is a sac that reduces friction around the bones while the tendon sheath will go around a tendon so it’s not irritated and elongated bursa. They are both filled with fluid

Question 26

What is similar and different the suture and gomphosis

Answer 26

They are both fibrous joints however the suture is immovable interlocked finger-like projections of the cranial bone while the gomphosis is the ligament connection with the alveolar process and tooth

Question 27

What is the syndesmosis joint and what are the two types

Answer 27

The syndesmosis joint is where bones are connected by ligaments. Short ligaments like the inferior tibiofibular joint mean less movement and longer ones mean more movement like interosseous membrane

Question 28

What is a tendon sheath

Answer 28

This is an elongated piece bursa that wraps around a tendon or ligament.

Question 29

What are the different types of synovial joints

Answer 29

Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket

Question 30

What are the different synovial joint movements

Answer 30

There is the gliding motion, angular motion, rotation, special movements

Question 31

What’s the difference between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Answer 31

Dorsiflexion is flexing the foot towards the shin plantar is pushing away from shin (think flexing to plants which are on ground)