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Anatomy > Topic 2 Epitheleal And Connective > Flashcards

Topic 2 Epitheleal And Connective Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the simple columnar located

A

Digestive tract

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2
Q

What is the function of pseudo stratified? Where is it located

A

Secretes mucus and is located in trachea

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3
Q

Where is simple cuboidal located

A

Kidney tubules

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4
Q

What is the function of simple squamous

A

Allows for diffusion and exchange of gases

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5
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous and what are the different types

A

It protects areas susceptible to damage and there’s two types karotenized and uncaretonized

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissue

A

Ground substance, fibres, cells

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7
Q

What is the function of areolar tissue

A

It wraps and cushions organs

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8
Q

Where is areolar tissue found?

A

Around epithelial tissue

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9
Q

What is the function of adipose connective tissue

A

They contain fat so they are fuel reserves as well as they can protect organs

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10
Q

What is the function of reticular tissue

A

It acts as an inner skeleton for other cells and is found in the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes

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11
Q

Where is reticular tissue found?

A

In the spleen

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12
Q

Where is dense connective tissue- regular found??

A

Tendons, ligaments

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13
Q

What is the function of irregular connective tissue and what type of connective tissue is it?

A

It functions to be able to absorb shock from multiple disturbances. It is dense connective tissue proper

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14
Q

What is the function of elastic connective tissue?

A

It is able to stretch and come back to its original shape

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15
Q

What does the term tissue mean?

A

It is a group of specialized cells that work together to perform a specific task

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16
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

It is the Ground substance and fibers

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17
Q

What is the function of Hyaline? and where is it found

A

Firm cartilage that supports and reinforces. It also resists stress and cushions it has chondrocytes in the lacunae. Its found in ribs, larynx

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18
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found and what is its purpose?

A

Fibrocartilage is a firm type of cartilage that cushions against shock it is found in the discs of the vertebrae

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19
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage and what is its structure

A

It is elastic cartilage that is able to bend and flex and still retain its original shape

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20
Q

Where is dense connective tissue irregular found

A

Fibrous joint capsule

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21
Q

What are the membranes of the ventral body cavities

A

Pericardium, Pleura, peritoneum

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22
Q

What are the thee major types of membranes in the body

A

Cutaneous, Mucous and Serous

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23
Q

Which of the membranes are wet?

A

Mucous, and Serous

24
Q

Where is the cutaneous membrane found and what is it made of?

A

It is keratinized stratified squamous cells that are found on the surface of the human body.

25
Q

What is the mucous membrane and where is it found?

A

The mucous membrane is a sheet of epithelial tissues surrounded by areolar connective tissue that can secrete mucous. It is found in the digestive tract respiratory tract and urogenital tracts

26
Q

What are the serous membranes and where are they found

A

It is made of simple squamous tissue and is located around the lungs, heart, and ABDOMEN.

27
Q

What are the barrier functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protects against pathogens, acid mantle helps slow bacteria growth, keratinized barrier, abrasions, UV protection

28
Q

What are other functions of skin?

A

regulates temp, 5% blood reservoir, sensory receptors, excretes little waste, and synthesizes vitamin D

29
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The epidermis is the superficial part of the skin made of 4 to 5 layers, it is vascular, made of stratified squamous.

30
Q

What is the dermal layer?

A

The dermal layer is under the epidermis. It is made of connective tissue and it is vascularized as well as it has nerve fibres.

31
Q

What is the papillary layer

A

The papillary layer is the superficial part of the dermal layer made of areolar connective tissue. It has finger like projections that go into the epidermis. In thick skin it has dermal ridges that are basically fingerprints

32
Q

What is the reticular layer

A

The reticular layer is the deeper part of the dermal layer it is made of dense irregular connective tissue. It has cleavage lines that run parallel to skin which is important for surgeons so they can cut in a way that allows for fast healing

33
Q

What is the hypodermis

A

The hypodermis is below the skin and is made of adipose tissue. It anchors the underlying structures.

34
Q

What are the cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Dendritic, Melanocytes, tactile

35
Q

What are the functions of the cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes come from deep part of the epidermis and are pushed superficially, they give skin its protection and are the most common cell in the skin.

36
Q

What are melanocytes

A

They are shaped like spiders and are the cite of melanin synthesis which it then spreads to the nearby keratinocytes. It protects against UV damage.

37
Q

What are Dendritic cells

A

They are cells in the epidermis that eat foreign objects in the epidermis and activate immune response

38
Q

What are tactile cells?

A

Tactile cells are touch receptors

39
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis called?

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum coroneum and stratum lucidum found only in palms and soles of feet

40
Q

What is the stratum Basale

A

It is the deepest layer of the epidermis, it consists of stem cells that undergo mitosis

41
Q

What is the stratum spinosum

A

It is a layer in epidermis that has keratinocytes binded together by desmosomes and fibers so it can resist tension. It also is abundant in dendritic cells

42
Q

What is the Stratum granulosum

A

The stratum granulosum is the layer where keratinocytes start to flatten because keratinization is starting. Cells above this layer die.

43
Q

What is stratum lucidum

A

It is a thin layer of keratinocytes that are clear and flat found only in the palms and soles of feet.

44
Q

What is the Stratum corneum

A

It is the most superficial layer of the epidermis that has dead keratinized cells it acts as a barrier to protect deep cells, prevent water loss, and prevent abrasions

45
Q

What are flexure lines

A

They happen when skin is tightly secured to deeper structures located at reticular layers but visible on superficial layer of skin

46
Q

What is hair

A

Hair is dead keratinized cells that insulate and protect. they are produced by hair follicles.

47
Q

What are the structures of hair

A

The bulb, The root, and the shaft

48
Q

What is the muscle that allows the hair to move causing goosebumps

A

Arrector pili

49
Q

What are the layers of keratinized hair cells called?

A

Medulla is the middle with large cells, Cortex is around that and is flattened cells, and the cuticle is the outer most single layer

50
Q

What are the structures of the nail and their functions

A

The nail matrix is responsible for nail growth, nail folds are skin folds that overlap the nail for protection, the eponychium is the cuticle and the hyponychium is the area under nail that accumulates dirt

51
Q

What are sweat glands what are the different types

A

Sweat glands are myoepithelial glands (epithelial tissue that can contract) that secrete liquids onto the skin surface. Eccrine and apocrine

52
Q

What’s the diffrence between apocrine and eccrine glands

A

Eccrine glands secrete water and salts onto everywhere on the body while apocrine found in armpit and pubic area they have water salts fats and proteins and release onto hair

53
Q

What is sebaceous gland?

A

It’s a gland that secretes sebum onto the hair. sebum kills bacteria and moisturizes hair and skin.

54
Q

What are the two polarity sides of epithelial tissue

A

Apical layer and basil layer

55
Q

What are the cells found in transitional cells

A

It has stratified squamous at the apical layer and stratified cuboidal or columnar at the basal layer.

56
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue and whats its other name

A

It wraps and cushions organs, (lamina propria)

Anatomy (11 decks)

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