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Anatomy > Topic 7 (nervous system) > Flashcards

Topic 7 (nervous system) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

sensory input, integration (making sense of info), motor output

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2
Q

What are the two cells of the nervous system and what do they do

A

The neuron, and the glial cells

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of neurons

A

They have a high metabolic rate, extreme longevity, mostly non-mitotic (don’t divide),

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4
Q

What are the parts of the neuron

A

It has the cell body (houses organelles), dendrites (receive impulse), axon hillock (connects axon to body)

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5
Q

What are the glia cells in the central nervous systems

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

What are some differences between the glial cells and the neurons

A

They are smaller than neurons, mitotic and often there’s more of the glia than the neurons

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7
Q

What are astrocytes

A

They are the most abundant CNS neuroglial. They bind blood vessels to neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier.

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8
Q

What are the microglial cells

A

They are protective immune response cell within the brain. They can become phagocytic cells

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9
Q

What are the ependymal cells

A

They produce cerebrospinal fluid and line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord cavities

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10
Q

Explain the oligodendrocytes

A

They are what create the myelin sheath for the axons of the neurons

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11
Q

What are the neuroglia of the PNS

A

The satellite cells and the Schwann cells

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12
Q

What do the satellite cells do?

A

Surround neuron

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13
Q

What are the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

A

The epineurium surrounds the entire nerve, the perineurium surrounds the nerve fascicles, and the endoneurium surrounds the individual axon

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14
Q

What are the four major parts of the brain

A

The cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and diencephalon

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15
Q

What are the features of the brain

A

The gyrus(ridges), sulcus (depressions), fissure (deeper than the sulcus)

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16
Q

What is gray matter

A

It is cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, forms the cortex so the superficial brain surface

17
Q

What is white matter

A

These are the myelinated axons and they are deep compared to the cortex

18
Q

What protects the brain

A

Cranial bones, meninges (protective connective tissue), CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), Blood-brain barrier

19
Q

What are the different meninges

A

The Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

20
Q

What are the functions of the meningeal layers?

A

They separate the brain and the bones, protect blood vessels,

21
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain and where are they

A

There are two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle,(diencephalon), and the fourth ventricle between the pons and cerebellum

22
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe

A

Voluntary movement, concentration, talking, decision making, planning, and personality

23
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

general sensory function

24
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Hearing and smell

25
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

It processes vision, and stores visual memories

26
Q

What is the insula

A

It is the deeper part of the cerebrum and helps with taste and conscious perception of visceral sensations

27
Q

What is the diencephalon

A

it is a part of the brin with the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

28
Q

What is the infundibulum

A

It is attached to the pituitary gland, and controls the endocrine system, regulates temp, and controls food intake and emotions

29
Q

What is the epithalamus and what is the important structure in it

A

It is part of the diencephalon and the most dorsal portion of the diencephalon. The structure in it is the pineal gland

30
Q

What are the regions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

31
Q

What are the functions of the midbrain

A

It produces dopamine, visual and auditory reflexes and

32
Q

What is the medulla oblongata and where is it located

A

It is located at the bottom of the brainstem and maintains homeostasis and has autonomic nuclei so it

33
Q

What is the CONUS medullaris

A

It is the end of the spinal cord between L1 and L2

Anatomy (11 decks)

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