Topic 7 (nervous system) Flashcards
What are the functions of the nervous system
sensory input, integration (making sense of info), motor output
What are the two cells of the nervous system and what do they do
The neuron, and the glial cells
What are the characteristics of neurons
They have a high metabolic rate, extreme longevity, mostly non-mitotic (don’t divide),
What are the parts of the neuron
It has the cell body (houses organelles), dendrites (receive impulse), axon hillock (connects axon to body)
What are the glia cells in the central nervous systems
Astrocytes
What are some differences between the glial cells and the neurons
They are smaller than neurons, mitotic and often there’s more of the glia than the neurons
What are astrocytes
They are the most abundant CNS neuroglial. They bind blood vessels to neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier.
What are the microglial cells
They are protective immune response cell within the brain. They can become phagocytic cells
What are the ependymal cells
They produce cerebrospinal fluid and line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord cavities
Explain the oligodendrocytes
They are what create the myelin sheath for the axons of the neurons
What are the neuroglia of the PNS
The satellite cells and the Schwann cells
What do the satellite cells do?
Surround neuron
What are the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium
The epineurium surrounds the entire nerve, the perineurium surrounds the nerve fascicles, and the endoneurium surrounds the individual axon
What are the four major parts of the brain
The cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and diencephalon
What are the features of the brain
The gyrus(ridges), sulcus (depressions), fissure (deeper than the sulcus)
What is gray matter
It is cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, forms the cortex so the superficial brain surface
What is white matter
These are the myelinated axons and they are deep compared to the cortex
What protects the brain
Cranial bones, meninges (protective connective tissue), CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), Blood-brain barrier
What are the different meninges
The Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What are the functions of the meningeal layers?
They separate the brain and the bones, protect blood vessels,
What are the ventricles of the brain and where are they
There are two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle,(diencephalon), and the fourth ventricle between the pons and cerebellum
What are the functions of the frontal lobe
Voluntary movement, concentration, talking, decision making, planning, and personality
What does the parietal lobe do?
general sensory function
What does the temporal lobe do?
Hearing and smell
