Respiratory system Flashcards
What are the two parts of the respiratory system and what are they made up of
The upper respiratory tract is made from the nose to the pharynx and the lower respiratory tract which is the larynx and everything else
Respiratory system functions
Inhalation, exhalation, sound production, defense, and olfaction
What are the processes of respiration and what are they categorized into
Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration. The pulmonary ventilation and internal respiration make up the respiratory system while the other two make up the cardiovascular system
What is the upper respiratory tract divided into
The nose, pharynx, and paranasal sinuses
What is the function of the nose and nasal cavities
They are a passageway for air to come in, they filter and moisten this air coming in they house olfactory receptors and are resonating chambers for speech
What are the nose and nasal cavities made up of?
They are made of cranial bones and cartilage
What are some structures within the nose and nasal cavities
Nostrils, nasal vestibule, nasal septum, and the hard and soft palates
What are the respiratory mucosa and olfactory mucosa
The respiratory mucosa are mucous secreting cells in the respiratory tract and olfactory mucosa is the
What is the purpose of nasal conchae and the nasal meatuses
They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity so that the air has to pass through more space allowing for increased filtration, heat, and moisture of the air that is coming in
What are the four paranasal sinuses and what is their function
The paranasal sinuses help to lighten the weight of the skull, act as resonance chambers and moisten the air. There is the frontal sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses
What are the three regions of the pharynx
There is the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Where is the nasopharynx and what does it let into the body. What are the tonsils for the respiratory system
The nasopharynx is above the soft palate and it lets air into the body. The tonsils of the nasopharynx are the pharyngeal tonsils and the tubal tonsils
What is the oropharynx, what does it let pass-through and what are the tonsils within it?
The oropharynx is the part of the pharynx that is parallel to the oral cavity. It lets in air and food. Its tonsils are the lingual tonsils and the palatine tonsils
What is the laryngopharynx made of, what is it posterior to, and what is it in between
The laryngopharynx is Inferior to the oropharynx and made of tough epithelial tissue to protect it from abrasion from food. It is posterior to the larynx and is in between the hyoid bone and the top of the esophagus
What are the two portions of the lower respiratory tract
There is the conducting portion and the circulatory portion
What is the conducting portion made up of
It is made up of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
What is the circulatory portion made up of
It is made up of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
What is the larynx
The larynx is made of pieces of cartilage and connects the pharynx to the trachea.
What is the function of the larynx
larynx functions to create sound blocks the air passageway when swallowing food
What are the laryngeal prominence and the thyroid cartilage?
The laryngeal prominence is the part of the thyroid cartilage that sticks out it is known as the adam’s apple. The thyroid cartilage is the biggest cartilage around the larynx
What is the circoid cartilage and epiglottis
The circoid cartilage is the inferior cartilage to the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage and its job is to cover the opening to the trachea when we swallow
What are the vocal ligaments made of and what do they do
They are made of elastic avascular fibers and they vibrate during exhalation to produce sounds
What are the false vocal cords
They close the glottis
What is the trachea, what is it anterior to
The trachea is a structure that is made up of hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers and it is anterior to the esophagus
